Difference between revisions of "Polygala rugelii"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Polygala rugelii | | name = Polygala rugelii | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Poly_ruge.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| binomial = ''Polygala rugelii'' | | binomial = ''Polygala rugelii'' | ||
| binomial_authority = Shuttlw. ex Chapm. | | binomial_authority = Shuttlw. ex Chapm. | ||
| − | | range_map = | + | | range_map = poly_ruge_dist.jpg |
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Polygala rugelii'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Polygala rugelii'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PORU5 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Common name: Yellow milkwort | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonym: ''Pilostaxis rugelii'' (Shuttleworth ex Chapman) Small | ||
| + | |||
| + | It is named for the German botanist, Ferdinand Rugel, who collected plants in Florida during the early 1800s.<ref name="allthings">[[http://allthingsplants.com/plants/view/84297/Yellow-Milkwort-Polygala-rugelii/]]All Things Plants. Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | + | ''P. rugelii'' is an annual species, however, sometimes can be a biennial. In the spring, the irregular rosette is composed of spatulate leaves. The flower stalk arises in summer and the basal rosette will disappear. The stalk can reach 1 to 3 feet high and is often branched.<ref name="hawthorn"/> | |
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''P. rugelii'' is endemic to the Florida peninsula.<ref name="hawthorn">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2010/11/yellow-milkwort-polygala-rugelii.htm]] Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: February 22, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''P. rugelii'' can occur in wiregrass/saw palmetto/pine associations, cypress bays and flatwood marshes. It has occurred in disturbed areas such as cleared pine flatwoods and a recently timber harvested bayhead. It grows in peaty-sandy soil. Associated species include wiregrass, saw palmetto, pine, and cypress.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: A. Gholson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, R.A. Norris, A.G. Shuey. States and Counties: Florida: Gilchrist, Manatee, Volusia. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Polygala rugelii'' is an indicator species for the Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | Flowers late summer to early fall.<ref name="hawthorn"/> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Following a fire, flowering of ''P. rugelii'' is conspicuous.<ref name="Abrahamson 1984">Abrahamson, W. G. (1984). "Species Responses to Fire on the Florida Lake Wales Ridge." American Journal of Botany 71(1): 35-43.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Polygala rugelii'' at the Archbold Biological Station:<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | Bees from the family Apidae: ''Mellisodes communis'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: ''Augochlorella gratiosa'' | ||
| − | + | Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: ''Megachile brevis pseudobrevis'' | |
| − | + | Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: ''Ammophila pictipennis'' | |
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | + | ==Cultural use== | |
| + | Large doses of this species act as a strong laxative.<ref>Austin D. 2002 Milkworts Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin. Palmetto 21(2):10-11</ref> | ||
| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | File: Poly_ruge_WMatchett_SpaceCoastWildfl-049.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Polygala'' ''rugelii'' <p> Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] </p> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 09:12, 15 July 2022
| Polygala rugelii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Polygalaceae |
| Genus: | Polygala |
| Species: | P. rugelii |
| Binomial name | |
| Polygala rugelii Shuttlw. ex Chapm. | |
| |
| Natural range of Polygala rugelii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Yellow milkwort
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Pilostaxis rugelii (Shuttleworth ex Chapman) Small
It is named for the German botanist, Ferdinand Rugel, who collected plants in Florida during the early 1800s.[1]
Description
P. rugelii is an annual species, however, sometimes can be a biennial. In the spring, the irregular rosette is composed of spatulate leaves. The flower stalk arises in summer and the basal rosette will disappear. The stalk can reach 1 to 3 feet high and is often branched.[2]
Distribution
P. rugelii is endemic to the Florida peninsula.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, P. rugelii can occur in wiregrass/saw palmetto/pine associations, cypress bays and flatwood marshes. It has occurred in disturbed areas such as cleared pine flatwoods and a recently timber harvested bayhead. It grows in peaty-sandy soil. Associated species include wiregrass, saw palmetto, pine, and cypress.[3]
Polygala rugelii is an indicator species for the Central Florida Flatwoods/Prairies community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[4]
Phenology
Flowers late summer to early fall.[2]
Fire ecology
Following a fire, flowering of P. rugelii is conspicuous.[5]
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Polygala rugelii at the Archbold Biological Station:[6]
Bees from the family Apidae: Mellisodes communis
Sweat bees from the family Halictidae: Augochlorella gratiosa
Leafcutting bees from the family Megachilidae: Megachile brevis pseudobrevis
Thread-waisted wasps from the family Sphecidae: Ammophila pictipennis
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Large doses of this species act as a strong laxative.[7]
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Polygala rugelii Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
References and notes
- ↑ [[1]]All Things Plants. Accessed: February 20, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [[2]] Native Florida Wildflowers. Accessed: February 22, 2016
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: A. Gholson Jr., Robert K. Godfrey, R.A. Norris, A.G. Shuey. States and Counties: Florida: Gilchrist, Manatee, Volusia. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Abrahamson, W. G. (1984). "Species Responses to Fire on the Florida Lake Wales Ridge." American Journal of Botany 71(1): 35-43.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Austin D. 2002 Milkworts Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin. Palmetto 21(2):10-11
