Difference between revisions of "Chapmannia floridana"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Chapmannia floridana | | name = Chapmannia floridana | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Chap_Flor.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com/ SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| binomial = ''Chapmannia floridana'' | | binomial = ''Chapmannia floridana'' | ||
| binomial_authority = Torr. & A. Gray | | binomial_authority = Torr. & A. Gray | ||
| − | | range_map = | + | | range_map = chap_flor_dist.jpg |
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Chapmannia floridana'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Chapmannia floridana'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHFL2 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | Common name: Florida alicia | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | Florida | + | ''Chapmannia floridana'' is an erect perennial herb arising from a fleshy tap root and can reach three feet in height.<ref>Gunn, Charles R., Eliane M. Norman, and J. Stuart Lassetter. “Chapmannia Floridana Torrey & Gray (fabaceae)”. Brittonia 32.2 (1980): 178–185. </ref> All parts of the plant are covered with sticky hairs and leaves are alternately arranged.<ref name="Native">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2014/10/alicia-chapmannia-floridana.htm Native Florida Wildflowers]]Accessed: December 4, 2015</ref> It is a nitrogen fixer.<ref name="Mayfield">Mayfield, Margaret M.. “Pollinators of Chapmannia Floridana (fabaceae) and Their Foraging Preferences”. The Florida Entomologist 81.4 (1998): 489–496.</ref>The fruits are latitudinally segmented pods with one seed in each segment. The seeds are covered with grandular trichomes that may protect against seed predation and aid in seed dispersal.<ref>Schafer J. 2017. Tricks of the trade: characteristics of Florida Alicia that facilitate its persistence in Florida habitats. Palmetto 34(1):8-11.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | The root system of ''C. floridana'' includes stem tubers which store non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) important for both resprouting following fire and persisting during long periods of fire exclusion.<ref name="Diaz"> Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.</ref> Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have an NSC concentration of 155.5 mg/g (ranking 35 out of 100 species studied) and water content of 44.6% (ranking 23 out of 100 species studied).<ref name = "Diaz"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | According to Diaz-Torbio and Putz (2021), ''Chapmannia floridana'' has stem tubers with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 1.125 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 155.5 mg g<sup>-1</sup>.<ref>Diaz‐Toribio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire‐maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | The ''Chapmannia'' genera is endemic to the longleaf pine range from southeastern Virginia to central Florida and west to southeast Texas.<ref>Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.</ref> ''C. floridana'' is endemic to Florida.<ref name="Native"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''C. floridana'' has been found in turkey oak/longleaf pine sand ridges; pine-palmettos flatwoods; longleaf pine-wiregrass ridges; and scrub oak sand ridges. It is found in large populations in highly disturbed areas compared to undisturbed areas, making it unusual from other Florida endemic scrub species which are sensitive to disturbance<ref name="Mayfield"></ref>. Populations have been found in disturbed areas such as heavily cattle grazed longleaf pine-saw palmetto flatwoods, roadsides, and pastures.<ref name="Mayfield"></ref><ref name="FSU">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, J. Beckner, D. Burch, J. Carmichael, A. Gholson Jr., R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, R. Kral, K.M. Meyer, Allen G. Shuey, A. Townesmith, D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Clay, DeSoto, Glades, Lake, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Seminole. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | Flowers are yellow and orange and are composed of three petals.<ref name="Native"/> ''C. floridana'' has been observed flowering April through August and fruiting in May.<ref name="FSU"></ref><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Carrington (1999) found ''C. floridana'' to be a strong re-sprouter after fire, however it did not show a strong flowering response.<ref name="Carrington">Carrington, M. E. (1999). "Post-fire seedling establishment in Florida sand pine scrub." Journal of Vegetation Science 10(3): 403-412.</ref> Seedlings were only present for five months post-fire, suggesting a weak seedling establishment after fire.<ref name="Carrington"></ref> Populations have been observed to be low in undisturbed, burned areas.<ref name="Mayfield"></ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Bombus impatiens'' and ''Augochloropsis'' are the major visitors to ''C. floridana''. They have been observed ripping holes in the sides of the keel petals of the flower and vibrating their wings to get pollen out of the floral tube. Pollinators visitation rates are affected by temperature, flower size, and flowering density.<ref name="Mayfield"></ref> ''C. floridana'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees such as ''Bombus impatiens'' (family Apidae) and sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Lasioglossum nymphalis'' and ''L. placidensis''.<ref>Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> | |
| − | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | |
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| + | Global status rank: G5 secure <ref name="EOL">[[http://eol.org/pages/642067/details Encyclopedia of Life]] Accessed December 4, 2015</ref>. | ||
| − | + | ==Cultural use== | |
| − | + | ==Photo Gallery== | |
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| − | |||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:37, 3 July 2024
| Chapmannia floridana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae |
| Genus: | Chapmannia |
| Species: | C. floridana |
| Binomial name | |
| Chapmannia floridana Torr. & A. Gray | |
| |
| Natural range of Chapmannia floridana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Florida alicia
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
Chapmannia floridana is an erect perennial herb arising from a fleshy tap root and can reach three feet in height.[2] All parts of the plant are covered with sticky hairs and leaves are alternately arranged.[3] It is a nitrogen fixer.[4]The fruits are latitudinally segmented pods with one seed in each segment. The seeds are covered with grandular trichomes that may protect against seed predation and aid in seed dispersal.[5]
The root system of C. floridana includes stem tubers which store non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) important for both resprouting following fire and persisting during long periods of fire exclusion.[6] Diaz-Toribio and Putz (2021) recorded this species to have an NSC concentration of 155.5 mg/g (ranking 35 out of 100 species studied) and water content of 44.6% (ranking 23 out of 100 species studied).[6]
According to Diaz-Torbio and Putz (2021), Chapmannia floridana has stem tubers with a below-ground to above-ground biomass ratio of 1.125 and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration of 155.5 mg g-1.[7]
Distribution
The Chapmannia genera is endemic to the longleaf pine range from southeastern Virginia to central Florida and west to southeast Texas.[8] C. floridana is endemic to Florida.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, C. floridana has been found in turkey oak/longleaf pine sand ridges; pine-palmettos flatwoods; longleaf pine-wiregrass ridges; and scrub oak sand ridges. It is found in large populations in highly disturbed areas compared to undisturbed areas, making it unusual from other Florida endemic scrub species which are sensitive to disturbance[4]. Populations have been found in disturbed areas such as heavily cattle grazed longleaf pine-saw palmetto flatwoods, roadsides, and pastures.[4][9]
Phenology
Flowers are yellow and orange and are composed of three petals.[3] C. floridana has been observed flowering April through August and fruiting in May.[9][10]
Fire ecology
Carrington (1999) found C. floridana to be a strong re-sprouter after fire, however it did not show a strong flowering response.[11] Seedlings were only present for five months post-fire, suggesting a weak seedling establishment after fire.[11] Populations have been observed to be low in undisturbed, burned areas.[4]
Pollination
Bombus impatiens and Augochloropsis are the major visitors to C. floridana. They have been observed ripping holes in the sides of the keel petals of the flower and vibrating their wings to get pollen out of the floral tube. Pollinators visitation rates are affected by temperature, flower size, and flowering density.[4] C. floridana has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees such as Bombus impatiens (family Apidae) and sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Augochlorella aurata, Augochloropsis metallica, Lasioglossum nymphalis and L. placidensis.[12]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Global status rank: G5 secure [13].
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Gunn, Charles R., Eliane M. Norman, and J. Stuart Lassetter. “Chapmannia Floridana Torrey & Gray (fabaceae)”. Brittonia 32.2 (1980): 178–185.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 [Native Florida Wildflowers]Accessed: December 4, 2015
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Mayfield, Margaret M.. “Pollinators of Chapmannia Floridana (fabaceae) and Their Foraging Preferences”. The Florida Entomologist 81.4 (1998): 489–496.
- ↑ Schafer J. 2017. Tricks of the trade: characteristics of Florida Alicia that facilitate its persistence in Florida habitats. Palmetto 34(1):8-11.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Diaz-Toribio, M.H. and F. E. Putz 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire-maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108: 432-442.
- ↑ Diaz‐Toribio, M. H. and F. E. Putz. 2021. Underground carbohydrate stores and storage organs in fire‐maintained longleaf pine savannas in Florida, USA. American Journal of Botany 108(3):432-442.
- ↑ Sorrie, B. A. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Coastal Plain valcular plant endemics: Phytogeographic patterns. Castanea 66: 50-82.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, J. Beckner, D. Burch, J. Carmichael, A. Gholson Jr., R.K. Godfrey, Richard D. Houk, R. Kral, K.M. Meyer, Allen G. Shuey, A. Townesmith, D.B. Ward. States and Counties: Florida: Clay, DeSoto, Glades, Lake, Marion, Orange, Osceola, Polk, Seminole. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Carrington, M. E. (1999). "Post-fire seedling establishment in Florida sand pine scrub." Journal of Vegetation Science 10(3): 403-412.
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ [Encyclopedia of Life] Accessed December 4, 2015
