Difference between revisions of "Carex retroflexa"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Carex retroflexa | | name = Carex retroflexa | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Care_retr.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by John R. Gwaltney, [http://www.southeasternflora.com/index.asp Southeastern Flora.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons | | classis = Liliopsida – Monocotyledons | ||
| − | | ordo = | + | | ordo = Poales |
| familia = Cyperaceae | | familia = Cyperaceae | ||
| genus = ''Carex'' | | genus = ''Carex'' | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = Muhl. ex Willd. | | binomial_authority = Muhl. ex Willd. | ||
| range_map = CARE_RETR_dist.jpg | | range_map = CARE_RETR_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Carex retroflexa'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database]. | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Carex retroflexa'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CARE9 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Common name: Reflexed sedge | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Carex retroflexa'' var. ''retroflexa''<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | A description of ''Carex retroflexa'' is provided in [http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357430 The Flora of North America]. This species is similar to ''C. texensis'', but can be told apart by having an perigynium wider than 1.3 mm and a spongy layer more than 1.1 mm.<ref name="robert"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | Ranges from Texas to Kansas to Iowa, east to Indiana and Michigan, north to Quebec and Maine and south to the gulf coast states.<ref name="robert">Robert, G. D. and E. H. Philip (2003). "Recommendations concerning the Identification of Carex retroflexa and Carex texensis (Cyperaceae; Section Phaestoglochin Dumort)." Castanea 68(3): 245-253.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting | + | This species has been found along rivers in rich deciduous woods and in floodplains surrounded by wet sphagnum moss. It has also been observed growing alongside trails at the edge of woodlands. It does well in partial to deep shade environments in drying sandy loam of floodplains.<ref name="fsu">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, L. W. Curtis, and R. K. Godfrey. States and Counties: Alabama: Wilcox. Florida: Gadsden and Hernando.</ref> |
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | Associated species include ''Carex albolutescens, Carex atlantica, Carex complanata, Carex lurida, Carex venusta, Carex capillacea'' and sphagnum species.<ref name="fsu"/> |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | + | |
| − | ===Pollination=== | + | ===Phenology===<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> |
| − | === | + | ''C. retroflexa'' has been observed flowering in April and May and fruiting from March to May.<ref name="fsu"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016</ref> |
| + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | Populations of ''Carex'' species have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> | ||
| + | |||
===Diseases and parasites=== | ===Diseases and parasites=== | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | The introduced earthworm ''Lumbricus terrestris'' significantly decreases the growth of ''C. retroflexa'' by decreasing the number of culms.<ref name="bmcecol">[[http://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6785-13-48]]. Accessed: April 12, 2016</ref> |
| − | == | + | |
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 13:11, 22 May 2023
| Carex retroflexa | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida – Monocotyledons |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Carex |
| Species: | C. retroflexa |
| Binomial name | |
| Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. | |
| |
| Natural range of Carex retroflexa from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Reflexed sedge
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Carex retroflexa var. retroflexa[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
A description of Carex retroflexa is provided in The Flora of North America. This species is similar to C. texensis, but can be told apart by having an perigynium wider than 1.3 mm and a spongy layer more than 1.1 mm.[2]
Distribution
Ranges from Texas to Kansas to Iowa, east to Indiana and Michigan, north to Quebec and Maine and south to the gulf coast states.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
This species has been found along rivers in rich deciduous woods and in floodplains surrounded by wet sphagnum moss. It has also been observed growing alongside trails at the edge of woodlands. It does well in partial to deep shade environments in drying sandy loam of floodplains.[3]
Associated species include Carex albolutescens, Carex atlantica, Carex complanata, Carex lurida, Carex venusta, Carex capillacea and sphagnum species.[3]
Phenology
C. retroflexa has been observed flowering in April and May and fruiting from March to May.[3][4]
Fire ecology
Populations of Carex species have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[5]
Diseases and parasites
The introduced earthworm Lumbricus terrestris significantly decreases the growth of C. retroflexa by decreasing the number of culms.[6]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Robert, G. D. and E. H. Philip (2003). "Recommendations concerning the Identification of Carex retroflexa and Carex texensis (Cyperaceae; Section Phaestoglochin Dumort)." Castanea 68(3): 245-253.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: L. C. Anderson, L. W. Curtis, and R. K. Godfrey. States and Counties: Alabama: Wilcox. Florida: Gadsden and Hernando.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 7 DEC 2016
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ [[1]]. Accessed: April 12, 2016
