Difference between revisions of "Zephyranthes treatiae"

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Populations of ''Zephyranthes treatiae'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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Mentioned as "Flowering in the spring, especially after fires".<ref>Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16</ref>
 
Mentioned as "Flowering in the spring, especially after fires".<ref>Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16</ref>
  
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The bulb of ''Zephyranthes treatiae'' is toxic, and if ingested will cause severe digestive irritation. This species is known to kill both cattle and deer.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref> Digesting charcoal may relieve symptoms.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref>  
 
The bulb of ''Zephyranthes treatiae'' is toxic, and if ingested will cause severe digestive irritation. This species is known to kill both cattle and deer.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref> Digesting charcoal may relieve symptoms.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref>  
 
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Latest revision as of 12:36, 18 July 2022

Zephyranthes treatiae
Zephyranthes treatiae SEF.jpg
Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida - Moncots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Genus: Zephyranthes
Species: Z. treatiae
Binomial name
Zephyranthes treatiae
S. Watson
ZEPH TREA DIST.JPG
Natural range of Zephyranthes treatiae from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common Name(s): zephyrlily,[1][2] Treat's zephyr-lily[2]

Taxonomic Notes

Synonym(s): Atamosco treatiae (S. Watson) Greene; Z. atamasca (Linnaeus) Herbert var. treatiae (S. Watson) Meerow; Z. atamasco (L.) Herb. [1][2][3]

Description

Z. treatiae is a monoecious perennial forb/herb[2] that can reach heights of 10 in (0.25 m).[4] They are typically found singly or loosely clumped[5] and can hybridize with species of Z. atamasco.[6]Perianth tube > 1cm long, segments spreading. Leaves1-2 cm wide.[7]

Distribution

It can be found in southern portions of Georgia, south to central penisular Florida,[1][2] with occurrences in Alabama and Louisiana. In Florida, Z. treatiae is listed as a threatened species.[2][8]

Ecology

Habitat

Zephyranthes treatiae has been found in wet savannas[1], pine flatwoods, low pinelands, live oak woodlands, swamps, and xeric pine plantations.[5][9][10][11]

It is also found in disturbed areas including mowed sod near flatwoods and roadsides.[12][13]

Phenology

It flowers between January and April, peaking in March,[4][14] and producing white flowers that fade to pink.[4] Flowers are broadly funnelform with reflexed perianth segments and exserted stigmas.[5]

Fire ecology

Populations of Zephyranthes treatiae have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[15]

Mentioned as "Flowering in the spring, especially after fires".[16]

Herbivory and toxicology

The bulb of Zephyranthes treatiae is toxic, and if ingested will cause severe digestive irritation. This species is known to kill both cattle and deer.[17] Digesting charcoal may relieve symptoms.[18]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley A. S.(2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 15 December 2017). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  3. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Plant database: Zephyranthes treatiae. (15 December 2017).Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ZETR
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Flagg R. O. and Smith G. L. (2008). Delineation and distribution of Zephyranthes species (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the southeastern United States. Castanea 73(3):216-227.
  6. ↑ Broyles S. B. and Wyatt R. (1991). The breeding system of Zephyranthes atamasco (Amaryllidaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(2):137-140.
  7. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  8. ↑ Flagg R. O. (2014). Rain-lilies (Amaryllidaceae) of U.S.A. and Mexico. SE Biology 61(1):84-100.
  9. ↑ Angelo State University Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Stanely D. Jones. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla. Texas: Leon.
  10. ↑ Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: H.H. Hume. States and Counties: Florida: Polk.
  11. ↑ Carnegie Museum of Natural History Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A.H. Curtiss. States and Counties: Florida: Duval.
  12. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  13. ↑ Eastern Kentucky University, Ronald L. Jones Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: V. E. McNeilus. States and Counties: Georgia: Echols.
  14. ↑ Nelson G. (15 December 2017) PanFlora. Retrieved from gilnelson.com/PanFlora/
  15. ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
  16. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  17. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
  18. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
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