Difference between revisions of "Zephyranthes treatiae"

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==Taxonomic Notes==
 
==Taxonomic Notes==
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Synonym(s): ''Atamosco treatiae''; ''Z. atamasca'' var. ''treatiae''<ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref name="USDA"/>
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Synonym(s): ''Atamosco treatiae'' (S. Watson) Greene; ''Z. atamasca'' (Linnaeus) Herbert var. ''treatiae'' (S. Watson) Meerow; ''Z. atamasco'' (L.) Herb. <ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref name="USDA"/><ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref>
  
 
==Description==  
 
==Description==  
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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''Z. treatiae'' is a monoecious perennial forb/herb<ref name="USDA"/> that can reach heights of 10 in (0.25 m).<ref name="Ladybird">Plant database: ''Zephyranthes treatiae.'' (15 December 2017).Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ZETR</ref> They are typically found singly or loosely clumped<ref name="Flagg & Smith 2008"/> and can hybridize with species of ''Z. atamasco''.<ref>Broyles S. B. and Wyatt R. (1991). The breeding system of ''Zephyranthes atamasco'' (Amaryllidaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(2):137-140.</ref>
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''Z. treatiae'' is a monoecious perennial forb/herb<ref name="USDA"/> that can reach heights of 10 in (0.25 m).<ref name="Ladybird">Plant database: ''Zephyranthes treatiae.'' (15 December 2017).Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ZETR</ref> They are typically found singly or loosely clumped<ref name="Flagg & Smith 2008"/> and can hybridize with species of ''Z. atamasco''.<ref>Broyles S. B. and Wyatt R. (1991). The breeding system of ''Zephyranthes atamasco'' (Amaryllidaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(2):137-140.</ref>Perianth tube > 1cm long, segments spreading. Leaves1-2 cm wide.<ref>Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16</ref>
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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It can be found in southern portions of Georgia, south to central penisular Florida,<ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref name="USDA"/> and occurrences in Alabama and Louisiana. In Florida, ''Z. treatiae'' is listed as a threatened species.<ref name="USDA"/>
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It can be found in southern portions of Georgia, south to central penisular Florida,<ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref name="USDA"/> with occurrences in Alabama and Louisiana. In Florida, ''Z. treatiae'' is listed as a threatened species.<ref name="USDA"/><ref name="Flagg">Flagg R. O. (2014). Rain-lilies (Amaryllidaceae) of U.S.A. and Mexico. SE Biology 61(1):84-100.</ref>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''Zephyranthes treatiae'' is associated with wet savannas,<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> and pine flatwoods.<ref name="Flagg & Smith 2008">Flagg R. O. and Smith G. L. (2008). Delineation and distribution of ''Zephyranthes'' species (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the southeastern United States. Castanea 73(3):216-227.</ref>
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''Zephyranthes treatiae'' has been found in wet savannas<ref name="Weakley 2015"/>, pine flatwoods, low pinelands, live oak woodlands, swamps, and xeric pine plantations.<ref name="Flagg & Smith 2008">Flagg R. O. and Smith G. L. (2008). Delineation and distribution of ''Zephyranthes'' species (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the southeastern United States. Castanea 73(3):216-227.</ref><ref name="SAT"> Angelo State University Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Stanely D. Jones. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla. Texas: Leon.</ref><ref name="ASU"> Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: H.H. Hume. States and Counties: Florida: Polk.</ref><ref name="CM"> Carnegie Museum of Natural History Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A.H. Curtiss. States and Counties: Florida: Duval.</ref>
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It is also found in disturbed areas including mowed sod near flatwoods and roadsides.<ref>Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16</ref><ref name="EKY"> Eastern Kentucky University, Ronald L. Jones Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: V. E. McNeilus. States and Counties: Georgia: Echols.</ref>
  
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
 
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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Populations of ''Zephyranthes treatiae'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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Mentioned as "Flowering in the spring, especially after fires".<ref>Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16</ref>
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.-->
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===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.-->
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The bulb of ''Zephyranthes treatiae'' is toxic, and if ingested will cause severe digestive irritation. This species is known to kill both cattle and deer.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref> Digesting charcoal may relieve symptoms.<ref> Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.</ref>  
 
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==Conservation and Management==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
  
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==Cultivation and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 12:36, 18 July 2022

Zephyranthes treatiae
Zephyranthes treatiae SEF.jpg
Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida - Moncots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Genus: Zephyranthes
Species: Z. treatiae
Binomial name
Zephyranthes treatiae
S. Watson
ZEPH TREA DIST.JPG
Natural range of Zephyranthes treatiae from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common Name(s): zephyrlily,[1][2] Treat's zephyr-lily[2]

Taxonomic Notes

Synonym(s): Atamosco treatiae (S. Watson) Greene; Z. atamasca (Linnaeus) Herbert var. treatiae (S. Watson) Meerow; Z. atamasco (L.) Herb. [1][2][3]

Description

Z. treatiae is a monoecious perennial forb/herb[2] that can reach heights of 10 in (0.25 m).[4] They are typically found singly or loosely clumped[5] and can hybridize with species of Z. atamasco.[6]Perianth tube > 1cm long, segments spreading. Leaves1-2 cm wide.[7]

Distribution

It can be found in southern portions of Georgia, south to central penisular Florida,[1][2] with occurrences in Alabama and Louisiana. In Florida, Z. treatiae is listed as a threatened species.[2][8]

Ecology

Habitat

Zephyranthes treatiae has been found in wet savannas[1], pine flatwoods, low pinelands, live oak woodlands, swamps, and xeric pine plantations.[5][9][10][11]

It is also found in disturbed areas including mowed sod near flatwoods and roadsides.[12][13]

Phenology

It flowers between January and April, peaking in March,[4][14] and producing white flowers that fade to pink.[4] Flowers are broadly funnelform with reflexed perianth segments and exserted stigmas.[5]

Fire ecology

Populations of Zephyranthes treatiae have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[15]

Mentioned as "Flowering in the spring, especially after fires".[16]

Herbivory and toxicology

The bulb of Zephyranthes treatiae is toxic, and if ingested will cause severe digestive irritation. This species is known to kill both cattle and deer.[17] Digesting charcoal may relieve symptoms.[18]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley A. S.(2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 USDA, NRCS. (2016). The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 15 December 2017). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
  3. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Plant database: Zephyranthes treatiae. (15 December 2017).Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ZETR
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Flagg R. O. and Smith G. L. (2008). Delineation and distribution of Zephyranthes species (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to the southeastern United States. Castanea 73(3):216-227.
  6. ↑ Broyles S. B. and Wyatt R. (1991). The breeding system of Zephyranthes atamasco (Amaryllidaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 118(2):137-140.
  7. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  8. ↑ Flagg R. O. (2014). Rain-lilies (Amaryllidaceae) of U.S.A. and Mexico. SE Biology 61(1):84-100.
  9. ↑ Angelo State University Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Stanely D. Jones. States and Counties: Florida: Wakulla. Texas: Leon.
  10. ↑ Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: H.H. Hume. States and Counties: Florida: Polk.
  11. ↑ Carnegie Museum of Natural History Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: A.H. Curtiss. States and Counties: Florida: Duval.
  12. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  13. ↑ Eastern Kentucky University, Ronald L. Jones Herbarium accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: V. E. McNeilus. States and Counties: Georgia: Echols.
  14. ↑ Nelson G. (15 December 2017) PanFlora. Retrieved from gilnelson.com/PanFlora/
  15. ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
  16. ↑ Austin D. 2000 Discovering Florida's Ethnobotany with Dr. Dan Austin Rain Lilies Palmetto 20(3):14-16
  17. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
  18. ↑ Burrows, G.E., Tyrl, R.J. 2001. Toxic Plants of North America. Iowa State Press.
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