Difference between revisions of "Utricularia radiata"
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonym: ''U. inflata'' var. ''minor''<ref | + | Synonym: ''U. inflata'' var. ''minor'' Chapman.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Description== <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ==Description== <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''Utricularia radiata'' is a dioecious annual or perennial that grows as a forb/herb.<ref name="USDA"/> Seedlings lack cotyledons.<ref name="Kondo et al 1978">Kondo K, Segawa M, Nehire K (1978) Anatomical studies on seeds and seedlings of some ''Utricularia'' (Lentibulariaceae). Brittonia 30(1):89-95 | + | ''Utricularia radiata'' is a dioecious annual or perennial that grows as a forb/herb.<ref name="USDA"/> It has inflated conspicuous petioles and floats suspended on top of water<ref name="Carr 1940">Further notes on coastal floral elements in the bogs of Augusta County, Virginia. Rhodora 42(495):86-93.</ref> or submersed.<ref name="Reinert & Godfrey 1962">Reinert GW, Godfrey RK (1962) Reappraisal of ''Utricularia inflata'' and ''U. radiata'' (Lentibulariaceae). American Journal of Botany 49(3):213-220.</ref> This species reproduces sexually and by fragmentation. It produces winter buds/turions and has an unrooted growth form.<ref name="Capers et al 2009">Capers RS, Selsky R, Bugbee GJ (2009) The relative importance of local conditions and regional processes in structuring aquatic plant communities. Freshwater Biology 55(5):952-966.</ref> Its size ranges from 0-1 ft (0-30.5 cm) and flowers are yellow and 0.5 in (1.27 cm).<ref name="Ladybird">Plant database: ''Utricularia radiata''. (15 February 2018) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=UTRA</ref> Seedlings lack cotyledons.<ref name="Kondo et al 1978">Kondo K, Segawa M, Nehire K (1978) Anatomical studies on seeds and seedlings of some ''Utricularia'' (Lentibulariaceae). Brittonia 30(1):89-95.</ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | This species occurs from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine, southward to southern Florida, westward to Texas, and disjunct in western Virginia, western Tennessee, and northwestern Indiana. Reports of it occurring in Cuba and South America are in error according to Weakley.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> | + | This species occurs from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine, southward to southern Florida, westward to Texas, and disjunct in western Virginia, western Tennessee, and northwestern Indiana. Reports of it occurring in Cuba and South America are in error according to Weakley.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> Disjunct populations are also reported in southwestern Michigan.<ref name="Reznicek 1994">Reznicek AA (1994) The disjunct coastal plain flora in the great lakes region. Biological Conservation 68:203-215.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''U. radiata'' occurs in ponds, depression ponds, lakes, and ditches.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/> | + | ''U. radiata'' occurs in ponds, depression ponds, lakes, and ditches.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref name="PH"/> It is also found in disturbed areas including along railroads, powerline corridors, and roadsides.<ref name="PH"> Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Arthur N Leeds and Charles Williamson. States and Counties: Delaware: Sussex. Virginia: Gloucester.</ref><ref name="GMUF"> George Mason University accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Scholl and Sheridan. States and Counties: Virginia: Suffolk.</ref> In Nova Scotia, it typically grows in 1-3 m deep water and is associated with ''Brasenia shreberi''.<ref name="Hill et al 2000">Hill NM, Boates JS, Elderkin MF (2000) Low catchment area lakes: New records for rare coastal plain shrubs and ''Utricularia'' species in Nova Scotia 102(912):518-522.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species: ''Taxodium, Pinus, Ilex myrtifolia, Magnolia virginiana, Myrica'', and ''Fraxinus''.<ref name="Harvard"> Harvard University Herbaria: Vascular Plants of North America accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: C. E. Wood. States and Counties: Georgia: Charlton.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | In the | + | In the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States, ''U. radiata'' has been observed to flower from January through November.<ref name="Weakley 2015"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref> |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
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| − | ==Conservation and | + | ===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| + | Populations of ''Utricularia radiata'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc.--> | ||
| + | As a carnivorous bladderwort, ''Utricularia'' species can prey upon a range of zooplankton and phytoplankton, including copepoda, ostracoda, Cladocera, Chironomidae,<ref name="Andrikovics et al 1988">Andrikovics S, Forro L, Zsunics E (1988) the zoogenic food composition of ''Utricularia vulgaris'' in the Lake Ferto. Opuscula Zoologica 23:65-70.</ref> diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), green algae (Charophyceae, Chlorophyceae), dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae), flagellates (Euglenophyceae), and Cyanobacteria.<ref name="Alkhalaf et al 2009">Alkhalaf IA, Hubener T, Porembski S (2009) Prey spectra of aquatic ''Utricularia'' species (Lentibulariaceae) in northeastern Germany: The role of planktonic algae. Flora 204:700-708.</ref> This can include larval parasitic blood flukes (i.e. ''Schistosoma mansoni'') which creates the possibility of ''U. radiata'' being used to reduce parasite densities in endemic areas.<ref name="Gibson & Warren 1970">Gibson M, Warren KS (1970) Capture of ''Schistosoma mansoni'' Miracidia and Cercariae by carnivorous aquatic vascular plants of the genus ''Utricularia''. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 42(5):833-836.</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:00, 18 July 2022
| Utricularia radiata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Fred Nation hosted at Atlas of Florida Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Scrophulariales |
| Family: | Lentibulariaceae |
| Genus: | Utricularia |
| Species: | U. radiata |
| Binomial name | |
| Utricularia radiata Small | |
| |
| Natural range of Utricularia radiata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common Names: floating bladderwort; small swollen bladderwort;[1] little floating bladderwort[2]
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonym: U. inflata var. minor Chapman.[3]
Description
Utricularia radiata is a dioecious annual or perennial that grows as a forb/herb.[2] It has inflated conspicuous petioles and floats suspended on top of water[4] or submersed.[5] This species reproduces sexually and by fragmentation. It produces winter buds/turions and has an unrooted growth form.[6] Its size ranges from 0-1 ft (0-30.5 cm) and flowers are yellow and 0.5 in (1.27 cm).[7] Seedlings lack cotyledons.[8]
Distribution
This species occurs from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine, southward to southern Florida, westward to Texas, and disjunct in western Virginia, western Tennessee, and northwestern Indiana. Reports of it occurring in Cuba and South America are in error according to Weakley.[1] Disjunct populations are also reported in southwestern Michigan.[9]
Ecology
Habitat
U. radiata occurs in ponds, depression ponds, lakes, and ditches.[1][10] It is also found in disturbed areas including along railroads, powerline corridors, and roadsides.[10][11] In Nova Scotia, it typically grows in 1-3 m deep water and is associated with Brasenia shreberi.[12]
Associated species: Taxodium, Pinus, Ilex myrtifolia, Magnolia virginiana, Myrica, and Fraxinus.[13]
Phenology
In the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States, U. radiata has been observed to flower from January through November.[1][14]
Fire ecology
Populations of Utricularia radiata have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[15]
Herbivory and toxicology
As a carnivorous bladderwort, Utricularia species can prey upon a range of zooplankton and phytoplankton, including copepoda, ostracoda, Cladocera, Chironomidae,[16] diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), green algae (Charophyceae, Chlorophyceae), dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae), flagellates (Euglenophyceae), and Cyanobacteria.[17] This can include larval parasitic blood flukes (i.e. Schistosoma mansoni) which creates the possibility of U. radiata being used to reduce parasite densities in endemic areas.[18]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley AS (2015) Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 USDA NRCS (2016) The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 15 February 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ Further notes on coastal floral elements in the bogs of Augusta County, Virginia. Rhodora 42(495):86-93.
- ↑ Reinert GW, Godfrey RK (1962) Reappraisal of Utricularia inflata and U. radiata (Lentibulariaceae). American Journal of Botany 49(3):213-220.
- ↑ Capers RS, Selsky R, Bugbee GJ (2009) The relative importance of local conditions and regional processes in structuring aquatic plant communities. Freshwater Biology 55(5):952-966.
- ↑ Plant database: Utricularia radiata. (15 February 2018) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. URL: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=UTRA
- ↑ Kondo K, Segawa M, Nehire K (1978) Anatomical studies on seeds and seedlings of some Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae). Brittonia 30(1):89-95.
- ↑ Reznicek AA (1994) The disjunct coastal plain flora in the great lakes region. Biological Conservation 68:203-215.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Arthur N Leeds and Charles Williamson. States and Counties: Delaware: Sussex. Virginia: Gloucester.
- ↑ George Mason University accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: Scholl and Sheridan. States and Counties: Virginia: Suffolk.
- ↑ Hill NM, Boates JS, Elderkin MF (2000) Low catchment area lakes: New records for rare coastal plain shrubs and Utricularia species in Nova Scotia 102(912):518-522.
- ↑ Harvard University Herbaria: Vascular Plants of North America accessed using Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC) data portal. URL: http://sernecportal.org/portal/collections/index.php Last accessed: June 2021. Collectors: C. E. Wood. States and Counties: Georgia: Charlton.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Andrikovics S, Forro L, Zsunics E (1988) the zoogenic food composition of Utricularia vulgaris in the Lake Ferto. Opuscula Zoologica 23:65-70.
- ↑ Alkhalaf IA, Hubener T, Porembski S (2009) Prey spectra of aquatic Utricularia species (Lentibulariaceae) in northeastern Germany: The role of planktonic algae. Flora 204:700-708.
- ↑ Gibson M, Warren KS (1970) Capture of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia and Cercariae by carnivorous aquatic vascular plants of the genus Utricularia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 42(5):833-836.
