Difference between revisions of "Stylisma humistrata"
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| binomial_authority = (Walter) Chapm. | | binomial_authority = (Walter) Chapm. | ||
| range_map = STYL_HUMI_dist.jpg | | range_map = STYL_HUMI_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Stylisma humistrata'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Stylisma humistrata'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=STHU2 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
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| + | Common name: Southern dawnflower | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Bonamia humistrata'' (Walter) A. Gray; ''Breweria humistrata'' (Walter) A. Gray.<ref>Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | + | In Radford (1964) this species was recognized as a synonym under ''Bonamia humistrata'' which is where this description originated from. | |
| + | "Prostrate or spreading, herbaceous perennial vines, from fascicled or single, slender linear roots. Stems several to many, 0.5-2 m long, the basal portions appearing rhizomatous, older plants often forming large mats or clumps. Leaves entire. Corolla white or pink, campanulate to funnelform, 8-24 mm long; sepals still or leathery, 5-10 mm long, obtuse or acute; stigmas globose or peltate, styles 2, united at base or almost to summit. Capsule chartaceous, 2-locular, 4-seeded, 4-8 mm long, ½ as wide."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 863. Print.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | "Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.2-2.8 cm wide, reduced, upward, mucronate, subcordate, sparsely pubescent to pilose, the trichomes stellate or simple. Flowers 1-3 (rarely more) on peduncles normally 1-2X the length of the subtending leaf, bractlets inconspicuous; sepals glabrous; corolla white, usually 15-20 mm long; filaments pubescent to pilose; basal third or less of styles united."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | It is found in the Coastal Plains of southwestern Georgia (Baker County).<ref name=kay> Kirkman, L. K., K. L. Coffey, R. J. Mitchell and E. B. Moser. 2004. Ground cover recovery patterns and life-history traits: implications for restoration obstacles and opportunities in a species-rich savanna. Journal of Ecology 92:409-421.</ref> | |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''Stylisma humistrata'' can be found in longleaf pine-oak woodlands, longleaf pine-wiregrass-scrub oak ridges, annually burned pinelands, mesic woodlands, floodplains, hardwood hammocks,<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R. A. Norris, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, J. M. Kane, Jean Wooten, R. R. Smith, T. Myint, C. Jackson, Gary R. Knight, Robert Kral, Mabel Kral, S. B. Jones, Carleen Jones, Gwynn W. Ramsey, H. L. Stripling, T.E. Smith, R. D. Whetstone, James G. Teer, John W. Thieret, Sidney McDaniel, C. Ritchie Bell, Roomie Wilson, L. H. Shinners, R. L. Wilbur, Delzie Demaree, Harry E. Ahles, J. A. Duke, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner. States and Counties: Alabama: Clarke, Escambia, Geneva, Houston, Sumter. Arkansas: Bradley. Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Jackson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Washington. Georgia: Baker, Early, Grady, Lowndes, Thomas. Louisiana: Bienville, Tangipahoa, Union, Washington. Mississippi: Forrest, Jones, Wayne, Winston. North Carolina: Bladen, New Hanover, Narthampton, Pamlico. Texas: Woods. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy</ref> and subxeric and xeric areas in longleaf pine-oak communities.<ref name=car>Carter, R. E., M. D. MacKenzie, D. H. Gjerstad and D. Jones. 2004. Species composition of fire disturbed ecological land units in the Southern Loam Hills of south Alabama. Southeastern Naturalist 3:297-308.</ref> It can also be found along roadsides, edges of cornfields, recently logged oak-pine slopes, and old fields.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Soil types include loamy sand, loam, and red sandy clay.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Spigelia gentianoides'' and ''Quercus incana.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | This species has been observed to flower from May through July<ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021</ref>, and fruits May through October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| + | This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref>Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Seed bank and germination=== | ===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
| − | + | ''S. humistrata'' exhibits physical seed dormancy and does not require light for germination.<ref name=jay>Jayasuriya, K.M.G. Gehan, Jerry M. Baskin and Carol C. Baskin (2008). Dormancy, germination requirements and storage behaviour of seeds of Convolvulaceae (Solanales) and evolutionary considerations. Seed Science Research 18: 223-237.</ref> | |
| + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:15, 15 July 2022
| Stylisma humistrata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Convolvulaceae |
| Genus: | Stylisma |
| Species: | S. humistrata |
| Binomial name | |
| Stylisma humistrata (Walter) Chapm. | |
| |
| Natural range of Stylisma humistrata from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Southern dawnflower
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Bonamia humistrata (Walter) A. Gray; Breweria humistrata (Walter) A. Gray.[1]
Description
In Radford (1964) this species was recognized as a synonym under Bonamia humistrata which is where this description originated from. "Prostrate or spreading, herbaceous perennial vines, from fascicled or single, slender linear roots. Stems several to many, 0.5-2 m long, the basal portions appearing rhizomatous, older plants often forming large mats or clumps. Leaves entire. Corolla white or pink, campanulate to funnelform, 8-24 mm long; sepals still or leathery, 5-10 mm long, obtuse or acute; stigmas globose or peltate, styles 2, united at base or almost to summit. Capsule chartaceous, 2-locular, 4-seeded, 4-8 mm long, ½ as wide."[2]
"Leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.2-2.8 cm wide, reduced, upward, mucronate, subcordate, sparsely pubescent to pilose, the trichomes stellate or simple. Flowers 1-3 (rarely more) on peduncles normally 1-2X the length of the subtending leaf, bractlets inconspicuous; sepals glabrous; corolla white, usually 15-20 mm long; filaments pubescent to pilose; basal third or less of styles united."[2]
Distribution
It is found in the Coastal Plains of southwestern Georgia (Baker County).[3]
Ecology
Habitat
Stylisma humistrata can be found in longleaf pine-oak woodlands, longleaf pine-wiregrass-scrub oak ridges, annually burned pinelands, mesic woodlands, floodplains, hardwood hammocks,[4] and subxeric and xeric areas in longleaf pine-oak communities.[5] It can also be found along roadsides, edges of cornfields, recently logged oak-pine slopes, and old fields.[4] Soil types include loamy sand, loam, and red sandy clay.[4]
Associated species include Spigelia gentianoides and Quercus incana.[4]
Phenology
This species has been observed to flower from May through July[6], and fruits May through October.[4]
Seed dispersal
This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[7]
Seed bank and germination
S. humistrata exhibits physical seed dormancy and does not require light for germination.[8]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draf of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 863. Print.
- ↑ Kirkman, L. K., K. L. Coffey, R. J. Mitchell and E. B. Moser. 2004. Ground cover recovery patterns and life-history traits: implications for restoration obstacles and opportunities in a species-rich savanna. Journal of Ecology 92:409-421.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R. A. Norris, Robert K. Godfrey, R. Komarek, J. M. Kane, Jean Wooten, R. R. Smith, T. Myint, C. Jackson, Gary R. Knight, Robert Kral, Mabel Kral, S. B. Jones, Carleen Jones, Gwynn W. Ramsey, H. L. Stripling, T.E. Smith, R. D. Whetstone, James G. Teer, John W. Thieret, Sidney McDaniel, C. Ritchie Bell, Roomie Wilson, L. H. Shinners, R. L. Wilbur, Delzie Demaree, Harry E. Ahles, J. A. Duke, Lisa Keppner, Ed Keppner. States and Counties: Alabama: Clarke, Escambia, Geneva, Houston, Sumter. Arkansas: Bradley. Florida: Bay, Calhoun, Gadsden, Jackson, Lafayette, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Washington. Georgia: Baker, Early, Grady, Lowndes, Thomas. Louisiana: Bienville, Tangipahoa, Union, Washington. Mississippi: Forrest, Jones, Wayne, Winston. North Carolina: Bladen, New Hanover, Narthampton, Pamlico. Texas: Woods. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy
- ↑ Carter, R. E., M. D. MacKenzie, D. H. Gjerstad and D. Jones. 2004. Species composition of fire disturbed ecological land units in the Southern Loam Hills of south Alabama. Southeastern Naturalist 3:297-308.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 19 MAY 2021
- ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
- ↑ Jayasuriya, K.M.G. Gehan, Jerry M. Baskin and Carol C. Baskin (2008). Dormancy, germination requirements and storage behaviour of seeds of Convolvulaceae (Solanales) and evolutionary considerations. Seed Science Research 18: 223-237.
