Difference between revisions of "Sanicula smallii"
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<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = Sanicula smallii |
| − | | image = | + | | image = Sani_smal.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by John R. Gwaltney, [http://www.southeasternflora.com/index.asp Southeastern Flora.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = E.P. Bicknell | | binomial_authority = E.P. Bicknell | ||
| range_map = SANI_SMAL_dist.jpg | | range_map = SANI_SMAL_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Sanicula smallii'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Sanicula smallii'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SASM Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common | + | Common names: Small's blacksnakeroot, Southern sanicle, Small's sanicle |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | "Plants perennial (or biennial?), glabrous or glabrescent, 2-8 dm tall, branched above, from fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or reniform to widely ovate, 5-20 cm long or wide, palmately divided or cleft, the 3-5 segments elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, usually with evident hyaline margins, reduced and sessile above. Umbels simple, cymosely arranged and thus appearing compound, each cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous, or reduced, bracts; involucre inconspicuous, bracts 4-8 deltoid to lanceolate 1-2 mm long. Flowers perfect or staminate, usually in the same umbel; petals yellow, white or greenish. Fruit uncinated-bristled, subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; mericarps slightly flattened dorsally, semicircular to subreniform in cross section; carpophore absent."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 767. Print.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | "Leaves thick, somewhat fleshy and dark green, the white veins often prominent when fresh, segments usually 5, lance-elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, serrate-dentate. Peduncles 1-10 cm long. Each umbel of 3 sessile perfect flowers and 4-6 short-pedicellate staminate flowers; calyx lobes shorter than bristles, divergent; petals white or greenish; styles no longer than bristles or ovary or fruit. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, bristles not bulbous-based."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''S. smallii'' has been found in oak-hickory woodlands; loamy soil of steep, shaded ravines; a shell mound within an otherwise low floodplain; deciduous woodlands; mixed pine-hardwood forests; and rich calcareous slopes.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors:Loran C. Anderson, Patricia Elliot, R.K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett Williams, Lovett Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Arisaema, Conopholis, Toxicodendron, Diospyros virginiana, Berchemia, Carya, Sabal palmetto, Aesculus pavia, Amorpha fruticosa, Fagus, Magnolia'', and ''Quercus.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Substrate types include loam, sandy humus, loamy soil, and shell mounds.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | ===Seed dispersal=== | + | ''S. smallii'' has been observed to flower from April to June and fruit in April and May.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 13 DEC 2016</ref> |
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> |
| − | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> |
| − | ===Pollination=== | + | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | === | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | ===Diseases and parasites=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | == | + | |
| + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | |||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:55, 15 July 2022
| Sanicula smallii | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae |
| Genus: | Sanicula |
| Species: | S. smallii |
| Binomial name | |
| Sanicula smallii E.P. Bicknell | |
| |
| Natural range of Sanicula smallii from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Small's blacksnakeroot, Southern sanicle, Small's sanicle
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
"Plants perennial (or biennial?), glabrous or glabrescent, 2-8 dm tall, branched above, from fibrous or fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or reniform to widely ovate, 5-20 cm long or wide, palmately divided or cleft, the 3-5 segments elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, usually with evident hyaline margins, reduced and sessile above. Umbels simple, cymosely arranged and thus appearing compound, each cyme subtended by a pair of foliaceous, or reduced, bracts; involucre inconspicuous, bracts 4-8 deltoid to lanceolate 1-2 mm long. Flowers perfect or staminate, usually in the same umbel; petals yellow, white or greenish. Fruit uncinated-bristled, subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; mericarps slightly flattened dorsally, semicircular to subreniform in cross section; carpophore absent."[1]
"Leaves thick, somewhat fleshy and dark green, the white veins often prominent when fresh, segments usually 5, lance-elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 3-9 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, serrate-dentate. Peduncles 1-10 cm long. Each umbel of 3 sessile perfect flowers and 4-6 short-pedicellate staminate flowers; calyx lobes shorter than bristles, divergent; petals white or greenish; styles no longer than bristles or ovary or fruit. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 mm long, bristles not bulbous-based."[1]
Distribution
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, S. smallii has been found in oak-hickory woodlands; loamy soil of steep, shaded ravines; a shell mound within an otherwise low floodplain; deciduous woodlands; mixed pine-hardwood forests; and rich calcareous slopes.[2]
Associated species include Arisaema, Conopholis, Toxicodendron, Diospyros virginiana, Berchemia, Carya, Sabal palmetto, Aesculus pavia, Amorpha fruticosa, Fagus, Magnolia, and Quercus.[2] Substrate types include loam, sandy humus, loamy soil, and shell mounds.[2]
Phenology
S. smallii has been observed to flower from April to June and fruit in April and May.[2][3]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 767. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors:Loran C. Anderson, Patricia Elliot, R.K. Godfrey, H. Kurz, Richard S. Mitchell, Lovett Williams, Lovett Williams Jr. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Jackson, Leon, Liberty, Walton. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 13 DEC 2016
