Difference between revisions of "Rhododendron canescens"
HaleighJoM (talk | contribs) (→Ecology) |
|||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''canescens'', ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''candidum'' (Small) Rehder, ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''subglabrum'' Rehder | + | Synonyms: ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''canescens'', ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''candidum'' (Small) Rehder, ''Rhododendron canescens'' var. ''subglabrum'' Rehder |
| − | Varieties: | + | Varieties: ''Azalea candida'' Small, and ''Azalea canescens'' Michaux. |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | ''R. canescens'', also known as piedmont azalea and wild azalea <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, is a perennial shrub of the ''Ericaceae'' family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHCA7 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHCA7] </ref> It is a shrub that reaches a height of 5 meters tall, with 5 stamens that are approximately 3 times longer than the corolla tubes. <ref name= "Coile"> Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. </ref> | + | ''R. canescens'', also known as piedmont azalea and wild azalea<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/>, is a perennial shrub of the ''Ericaceae'' family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHCA7 https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHCA7]</ref> It is a shrub that reaches a height of 5 meters tall, with 5 stamens that are approximately 3 times longer than the corolla tubes.<ref name= "Coile"> Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. </ref> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''R. canescens'' is found in the southeastern corner of the United States from Texas to Pennsylvania with the exception of Virginia and West Virginia. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | + | ''R. canescens'' is found in the southeastern corner of the United States from Texas to Pennsylvania with the exception of Virginia and West Virginia.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''R. canescens'' proliferates in swamps, pocosins, and savannas. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> It has been observed in various habitats including sandy loam in mesic woods, magnolia-beech ravines, pine flatwoods, shrubs of bayheads, bottomland woodlands, deciduous wooded bluffs, wet streamsides, bank on shores, under shade of various hardwood forests, swampy woodlands, and near border of sand dune community. <ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Floyd Griffith, G. Gil, D. S. Kline, Sidney McDaniel, John B. Nelson, R. Kral, R. K. Godfrey, S. R. Harrison, R. E. Shanks, H. R. DeSelm, J. B. Nelson, R. H. Wnek, C. Anrrich, A. Anrrich, J. P. Gillespie, D. B. Ward, S. S. Ward, S. R. Harrison, Kathy Craddock Burks, Melanie R. Darst, E. S. Ford, John C. Ogden, Angus Gholson, Mark A. Garland, Robert L. Lazor, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter, J. Lorenz, S. B. Jones, Carleen Jones, James D. Ray, Jr., W. W. Ashe, P. Greear, W. C. Coker, H. R. Totten, T. G. Harbison, T. E. Smith, D. S. Correll, Helen B. Correll, Delzie Demaree, C. Jackson, Samuel B. Jones, Jr., John W. Thieret, Roomie Wilson, Raymond Athey, William Reese, and Joyce Romanus. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Putnam, Wakulla, Hamilton, Leon, Bay, Walton, Libertym Washington, Okaloosa, Jefferson, Franklin, Columbia, Gadsden, Calhoun, Escambia, Holmes, and Clay. Alabama: Barbour, Geneva, Jefferson, Dallas, Jefferson, Mobile, Monroe, Covington, Clarke, Dale, Greene, Pickens, Limestone, Washington, and De Kalib. Georgia: Thomas, Floyd, Upson, Turner, Clarke, and Grady. Mississippi: Kemper, Lamar, Pearl River, Winston, Lauderdale, Harrison, Forrest, Webster, and Itawamba. Texas: Sabine. South Carolina: Lee, Orangeburg, and Dorchester. Arkansas: Bradley. Louisiana: Ouachita, Tangipahoa, Beauregard, Grant, Rapides, Jackson, De Soto, and Allen. Tennessee: Coffee, Bledsoe, and Lawrence. Kentucky: Calloway. </ref> | + | ''R. canescens'' proliferates in swamps, pocosins, and savannas.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> It has been observed in various habitats including sandy loam in mesic woods, magnolia-beech ravines, pine flatwoods, shrubs of bayheads, bottomland woodlands, deciduous wooded bluffs, wet streamsides, bank on shores, under shade of various hardwood forests, swampy woodlands, and near border of sand dune community.<ref name= "Herbarium"> Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Floyd Griffith, G. Gil, D. S. Kline, Sidney McDaniel, John B. Nelson, R. Kral, R. K. Godfrey, S. R. Harrison, R. E. Shanks, H. R. DeSelm, J. B. Nelson, R. H. Wnek, C. Anrrich, A. Anrrich, J. P. Gillespie, D. B. Ward, S. S. Ward, S. R. Harrison, Kathy Craddock Burks, Melanie R. Darst, E. S. Ford, John C. Ogden, Angus Gholson, Mark A. Garland, Robert L. Lazor, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter, J. Lorenz, S. B. Jones, Carleen Jones, James D. Ray, Jr., W. W. Ashe, P. Greear, W. C. Coker, H. R. Totten, T. G. Harbison, T. E. Smith, D. S. Correll, Helen B. Correll, Delzie Demaree, C. Jackson, Samuel B. Jones, Jr., John W. Thieret, Roomie Wilson, Raymond Athey, William Reese, and Joyce Romanus. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Putnam, Wakulla, Hamilton, Leon, Bay, Walton, Libertym Washington, Okaloosa, Jefferson, Franklin, Columbia, Gadsden, Calhoun, Escambia, Holmes, and Clay. Alabama: Barbour, Geneva, Jefferson, Dallas, Jefferson, Mobile, Monroe, Covington, Clarke, Dale, Greene, Pickens, Limestone, Washington, and De Kalib. Georgia: Thomas, Floyd, Upson, Turner, Clarke, and Grady. Mississippi: Kemper, Lamar, Pearl River, Winston, Lauderdale, Harrison, Forrest, Webster, and Itawamba. Texas: Sabine. South Carolina: Lee, Orangeburg, and Dorchester. Arkansas: Bradley. Louisiana: Ouachita, Tangipahoa, Beauregard, Grant, Rapides, Jackson, De Soto, and Allen. Tennessee: Coffee, Bledsoe, and Lawrence. Kentucky: Calloway.</ref> ''R. canescens'' decreased its cover in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | |||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ''R. canescens'' is not fire resistant and has low fire tolerance | + | ''R. canescens'' is not fire resistant and has low fire tolerance;<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> |
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
''R. canescens'' is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, and as endangered by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ''R. canescens'' is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, and as endangered by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:06, 15 July 2022
Common names: pink azalea; southern pinxterbloom; Piedmont azalea; bush honeysuckle; hoary azalea; mountain azalea
| Rhododendron canescens | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Rhododendron |
| Species: | R. canescens |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhododendron canescens Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Rhododendron canescens from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Rhododendron canescens var. canescens, Rhododendron canescens var. candidum (Small) Rehder, Rhododendron canescens var. subglabrum Rehder
Varieties: Azalea candida Small, and Azalea canescens Michaux.
Description
R. canescens, also known as piedmont azalea and wild azalea[1], is a perennial shrub of the Ericaceae family native to North America.[2] It is a shrub that reaches a height of 5 meters tall, with 5 stamens that are approximately 3 times longer than the corolla tubes.[3]
Distribution
R. canescens is found in the southeastern corner of the United States from Texas to Pennsylvania with the exception of Virginia and West Virginia.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
R. canescens proliferates in swamps, pocosins, and savannas.[1] It has been observed in various habitats including sandy loam in mesic woods, magnolia-beech ravines, pine flatwoods, shrubs of bayheads, bottomland woodlands, deciduous wooded bluffs, wet streamsides, bank on shores, under shade of various hardwood forests, swampy woodlands, and near border of sand dune community.[4] R. canescens decreased its cover in response to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in north Florida flatwoods forests. It has shown resistance to regrowth in reestablished flatwood habitat that was disturbed by these practices.[5]
Phenology
R. canescens has been observed to flower February through April [6], as well as in May, June, and November. Fruit development has been observed in February, March, April, June, and September. [4]
Fire ecology
R. canescens is not fire resistant and has low fire tolerance;[2] despite this, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
R. canescens is listed as commercially exploited by the Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, and as endangered by the Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. [2]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=RHCA7
- ↑ Coile, N. C. (2000). Notes on Florida �s Regulated Plant Index (Rule 5B-40), Botany Contribution No. 38, 3nd edition. Gainesville, Florida, Florida Deaprtment of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Floyd Griffith, G. Gil, D. S. Kline, Sidney McDaniel, John B. Nelson, R. Kral, R. K. Godfrey, S. R. Harrison, R. E. Shanks, H. R. DeSelm, J. B. Nelson, R. H. Wnek, C. Anrrich, A. Anrrich, J. P. Gillespie, D. B. Ward, S. S. Ward, S. R. Harrison, Kathy Craddock Burks, Melanie R. Darst, E. S. Ford, John C. Ogden, Angus Gholson, Mark A. Garland, Robert L. Lazor, R. A. Norris, R. Komarek, Cecil R. Slaughter, J. Lorenz, S. B. Jones, Carleen Jones, James D. Ray, Jr., W. W. Ashe, P. Greear, W. C. Coker, H. R. Totten, T. G. Harbison, T. E. Smith, D. S. Correll, Helen B. Correll, Delzie Demaree, C. Jackson, Samuel B. Jones, Jr., John W. Thieret, Roomie Wilson, Raymond Athey, William Reese, and Joyce Romanus. States and counties: Florida: Jackson, Putnam, Wakulla, Hamilton, Leon, Bay, Walton, Libertym Washington, Okaloosa, Jefferson, Franklin, Columbia, Gadsden, Calhoun, Escambia, Holmes, and Clay. Alabama: Barbour, Geneva, Jefferson, Dallas, Jefferson, Mobile, Monroe, Covington, Clarke, Dale, Greene, Pickens, Limestone, Washington, and De Kalib. Georgia: Thomas, Floyd, Upson, Turner, Clarke, and Grady. Mississippi: Kemper, Lamar, Pearl River, Winston, Lauderdale, Harrison, Forrest, Webster, and Itawamba. Texas: Sabine. South Carolina: Lee, Orangeburg, and Dorchester. Arkansas: Bradley. Louisiana: Ouachita, Tangipahoa, Beauregard, Grant, Rapides, Jackson, De Soto, and Allen. Tennessee: Coffee, Bledsoe, and Lawrence. Kentucky: Calloway.
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 30 MAY 2018
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
