Difference between revisions of "Rhexia virginica"
(→References and notes) |
HaleighJoM (talk | contribs) (→Ecology) |
||
| (27 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Common | + | Common names: Handsome Harry<ref name="Nelson 2006"/>, Virginia meadow-beauty |
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Rhexia stricta'' Pursh | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: ''R. virginica'' var. ''purshii'' (Sprengel) C.W. James; ''R. virginica'' var. ''septemnervia'' (Walter) Pursh | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| Line 27: | Line 29: | ||
''Rhexia virginica'' is a perennial herbaceous species. | ''Rhexia virginica'' is a perennial herbaceous species. | ||
| − | "Erect, herbaceous, hermaphroditic, cymose perennials. Leaves opposite, sessile or petioles to 2 mm long. Flowers 4-merous, floral parts perigynous; stamens 8, anthers 1-locular, poricidal, usually with a basal spur. Capsules globose or subglobose; hypanthium cylindrical in anthesis, urceolate at maturity; stipes or pedicels 2-4.5 mm long; seeds brownish or yellowish, crescent-shape, papillose lined, 0.5-1 mm long except for ''R. petiolate'' and ''R. alifanus''." | + | "Erect, herbaceous, hermaphroditic, cymose perennials. Leaves opposite, sessile or petioles to 2 mm long. Flowers 4-merous, floral parts perigynous; stamens 8, anthers 1-locular, poricidal, usually with a basal spur. Capsules globose or subglobose; hypanthium cylindrical in anthesis, urceolate at maturity; stipes or pedicels 2-4.5 mm long; seeds brownish or yellowish, crescent-shape, papillose lined, 0.5-1 mm long except for ''R. petiolate'' and ''R. alifanus''."<ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 743. Print.</ref> |
| − | "Hirsute, usually branched perennial; roots usually tuberous; stems to 9 dm tall, faces equal, winged. Leaves elliptic or ovate, to 7 cm long and 2.6 cm wide, sparsely hirsute, 3-nerved, acute or aristate, ciliate-serrate, base cuneate. Sepals deltoid, 1.5-3 mm long, aristate; petals rose-purple, glandular hirsute marginally beneath, 10-25 mm long, usually mm long, usually glandular hirsute, neck shorter than body." | + | "Hirsute, usually branched perennial; roots usually tuberous; stems to 9 dm tall, faces equal, winged. Leaves elliptic or ovate, to 7 cm long and 2.6 cm wide, sparsely hirsute, 3-nerved, acute or aristate, ciliate-serrate, base cuneate. Sepals deltoid, 1.5-3 mm long, aristate; petals rose-purple, glandular hirsute marginally beneath, 10-25 mm long, usually mm long, usually glandular hirsute, neck shorter than body."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ''R. virginica'' is a rare species found in depressional wetlands occurring in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia | + | ''R. virginica'' is a rare species found in depressional wetlands occurring in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.<ref name="Edwards and Weakley 2001">Edwards, A. L. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Population biology and management of rare plants in depression wetlands of the southeastern coastal plain, USA. Natural Areas Journal 21: 12-35.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | + | ''Rhexia virginica'' is found in wet ditches, savannas, flatwoods, and pond margins, and sometimes in standing water.<ref name="Nelson 2006">Nelson, Gil. Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers: A Field Guide to the Wildflowers of the Coastal Regions of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Northeastern Florida. Guilford, CT: FalconGuide, 2006. 95. Print.</ref> It also has been found in cypress-gum swamps, seepage bogs, lake shores, and other poorly drained situations.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert Kral, Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, N. C. Henderson, P. L. Redfearn, N. C. Henderson, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, S. C. Hood, John Morrill, Grady W. Reinert, C. E. Wood, W. M. B., Cecil R Slaughter, Marc Minno, S. B. Jones, J. Stutts, Angus Gholson, Leon Neel, R. R. Bounds, R. Komarek, Cindi Stewart, and MacClendons. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Bradford, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, St Johns, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It can also occur in some human disturbed areas, especially those with wet conditions, including ditches, roadsides, clearings, power line corridors, and drained and bulldozed bogs.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> This species seems to prefer partial shade and wet sandy or peaty soils.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | |
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Eriocaulon, Xyris, Cypress, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cyrilla, Rudbeckia mohrii, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, Sarracenia minor, Rhexia cubensis, Eragrostis refracta, Juncus abortivus, Juncus megacephalus, Juncus debilis, Lachnanthes caroliniana, Erigeron vernus, Ludwigia linearis,'' and ''Hypericum fasciulatum.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Rhexia virginica'' is an indicator species for the North Florida Wet Flatwoods community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | ''R. virginica'' has been observed flowering from June to October with peak inflroescence in August and September while fruiting has been observed from July through October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref name="Nelson 2006"/><ref>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 13 DEC 2016</ref> | |
| + | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| + | This species has been found in frequently burned longleaf pineland habitat.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Populations of ''Rhexia virginica'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> | ||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | ||
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | == | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | + | The greens and tubers can be used in salads for a sweetish, nutty taste.<ref> Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.</ref> | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 10:05, 15 July 2022
| Rhexia virginica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo was taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Melastomataceae |
| Genus: | Rhexia |
| Species: | R. virginica |
| Binomial name | |
| Rhexia virginica L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Rhexia virginica from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Handsome Harry[1], Virginia meadow-beauty
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Rhexia stricta Pursh
Varieties: R. virginica var. purshii (Sprengel) C.W. James; R. virginica var. septemnervia (Walter) Pursh
Description
Rhexia virginica is a perennial herbaceous species.
"Erect, herbaceous, hermaphroditic, cymose perennials. Leaves opposite, sessile or petioles to 2 mm long. Flowers 4-merous, floral parts perigynous; stamens 8, anthers 1-locular, poricidal, usually with a basal spur. Capsules globose or subglobose; hypanthium cylindrical in anthesis, urceolate at maturity; stipes or pedicels 2-4.5 mm long; seeds brownish or yellowish, crescent-shape, papillose lined, 0.5-1 mm long except for R. petiolate and R. alifanus."[2]
"Hirsute, usually branched perennial; roots usually tuberous; stems to 9 dm tall, faces equal, winged. Leaves elliptic or ovate, to 7 cm long and 2.6 cm wide, sparsely hirsute, 3-nerved, acute or aristate, ciliate-serrate, base cuneate. Sepals deltoid, 1.5-3 mm long, aristate; petals rose-purple, glandular hirsute marginally beneath, 10-25 mm long, usually mm long, usually glandular hirsute, neck shorter than body."[2]
Distribution
R. virginica is a rare species found in depressional wetlands occurring in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
Rhexia virginica is found in wet ditches, savannas, flatwoods, and pond margins, and sometimes in standing water.[1] It also has been found in cypress-gum swamps, seepage bogs, lake shores, and other poorly drained situations.[4] It can also occur in some human disturbed areas, especially those with wet conditions, including ditches, roadsides, clearings, power line corridors, and drained and bulldozed bogs.[4] This species seems to prefer partial shade and wet sandy or peaty soils.[4]
Associated species include Eriocaulon, Xyris, Cypress, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cyrilla, Rudbeckia mohrii, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, Sarracenia minor, Rhexia cubensis, Eragrostis refracta, Juncus abortivus, Juncus megacephalus, Juncus debilis, Lachnanthes caroliniana, Erigeron vernus, Ludwigia linearis, and Hypericum fasciulatum.[4]
Rhexia virginica is an indicator species for the North Florida Wet Flatwoods community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[5]
Phenology
R. virginica has been observed flowering from June to October with peak inflroescence in August and September while fruiting has been observed from July through October.[4][1][6]
Fire ecology
This species has been found in frequently burned longleaf pineland habitat.[4] Populations of Rhexia virginica have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[7]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
The greens and tubers can be used in salads for a sweetish, nutty taste.[8]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nelson, Gil. Atlantic Coastal Plain Wildflowers: A Field Guide to the Wildflowers of the Coastal Regions of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Northeastern Florida. Guilford, CT: FalconGuide, 2006. 95. Print.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 743. Print.
- ↑ Edwards, A. L. and A. S. Weakley 2001. Population biology and management of rare plants in depression wetlands of the southeastern coastal plain, USA. Natural Areas Journal 21: 12-35.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Robert Kral, Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, N. C. Henderson, P. L. Redfearn, N. C. Henderson, Bruce Hansen, JoAnn Hansen, S. C. Hood, John Morrill, Grady W. Reinert, C. E. Wood, W. M. B., Cecil R Slaughter, Marc Minno, S. B. Jones, J. Stutts, Angus Gholson, Leon Neel, R. R. Bounds, R. Komarek, Cindi Stewart, and MacClendons. States and Counties: Florida: Bay, Bradford, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Nassau, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, St Johns, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. Georgia: Thomas.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 13 DEC 2016
- ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
