Difference between revisions of "Phyla nodiflora"
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| − | Common names: Turkey tangle fogfruit; Creeping frogfruit | + | Common names: Turkey tangle fogfruit; Creeping frogfruit<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: | + | Synonyms: ''Lippia nodiflora'' (Linnaeus) Michaux.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | + | Varieties: ''Phyla nodiflora'' (Linnaeus) Greene var. ''minor'' (Hooker) O'Leary and Mulgara; Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene var. nodiflora.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | "Appressed pubescent, prostate to ascending or decumbent, perennial herbs, rooting at the nodes, obscurely to definitely 4- angled. Leaves opposite, serrate, base cuneate to attenuate; petioles to 0.5 mm long, often obscured by decurrent blade tissue. Inflorescence a bracteate head, in fruit a spike 8-15 cm long, 5-8 mm in diam., peduncles elongate, usually at alternate nodes and rarely in both axils at a node. Sepals united near base or for ½ their length, shorter than the corolla tube and the subtending bract; corolla zygomorphic, pinkish, lavender or rarely white, salverform, ca. 3 mm long, 5-lobes less than 1 mm long; stamens included, united to the corolla tube near middle at 2 levels. Fruit a schizocarp consisting of 2 mericarps. Mericarps yellowish tan, dull, orbicular to ovoid, rounded on one side and flattened on the other, 1-1.3 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 892-3. Print.</ref> | + | "Appressed pubescent, prostate to ascending or decumbent, perennial herbs, rooting at the nodes, obscurely to definitely 4- angled. Leaves opposite, serrate, base cuneate to attenuate; petioles to 0.5 mm long, often obscured by decurrent blade tissue. Inflorescence a bracteate head, in fruit a spike 8-15 cm long, 5-8 mm in diam., peduncles elongate, usually at alternate nodes and rarely in both axils at a node. Sepals united near base or for ½ their length, shorter than the corolla tube and the subtending bract; corolla zygomorphic, pinkish, lavender or rarely white, salverform, ca. 3 mm long, 5-lobes less than 1 mm long; stamens included, united to the corolla tube near middle at 2 levels. Fruit a schizocarp consisting of 2 mericarps. Mericarps yellowish tan, dull, orbicular to ovoid, rounded on one side and flattened on the other, 1-1.3 mm long." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 892-3. Print.</ref> "Stems prostrate or decumbent, rarely more than 1 dm tall. Leaves oblanceolate, obovate or elliptic, 1-3 cm long, 0.3-2 cm wide, acute, base cuneate to attenuate. Peduncles 3-10 cm long, usually 2.5X or more as long as subtending leaves."<ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> |
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| − | + | The two varieties can be distinguished by the leaves. ''Var. minor'' leaves have an elliptic or obovate shape, an acute apex, and a densely white-strigose or canescent texture. They are 0.5-2 cm long and 0.2-1 cm wide.''Var. nodiflora'' has obovate and spatulate leaves, an obtuse apex, and subglabrous texture or with scattered and subappressed hairs. They are 0.5-1.5 cm wide and 2-4 cm long.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | It is distributed throughout the United States, and can also be found in warmer parts of Asia, Africa, throughout India and Srilanka. <ref name="Jabeen et al. 2016">Chaudhary, B. A., M. Jabeen, et al. (2016). "PHYLA NODIFLORA (VERBENACEAE): A REVIEW." 2016 2(1): 6.</ref> | + | It is distributed throughout the United States, and can also be found in warmer parts of Asia, Africa, throughout India and Srilanka.<ref name="Jabeen et al. 2016">Chaudhary, B. A., M. Jabeen, et al. (2016). "PHYLA NODIFLORA (VERBENACEAE): A REVIEW." 2016 2(1): 6.</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''P. nodiflora'' has been observed growing in roadside hydric seepage bogs and exposed limerock. <ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Karen MacClendon, R.A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Taylor. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Habitats are wet and moist with well-drained to poorly drained, sandy, limestone or organic soils without humus.<ref name="regional">[[http://www.regionalconservation.org/beta/nfyn/plantdetail.asp?tx=Phylnodi]] Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> Associated species include ''Bidens, Polygonum, Cyperus'' and ''Ludwigia.'' <ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> | + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''P. nodiflora'' has been observed growing in roadside hydric seepage bogs and exposed limerock.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Karen MacClendon, R.A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Taylor. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Habitats are wet and moist with well-drained to poorly drained, sandy, limestone or organic soils without humus.<ref name="regional">[[http://www.regionalconservation.org/beta/nfyn/plantdetail.asp?tx=Phylnodi]] Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> Associated species include ''Bidens, Polygonum, Cyperus'' and ''Ludwigia.''<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> |
| + | |||
| + | ''Phyla nodiflora'' is an indicator species for the Calcareous Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | + | ''P. nodiflora'' flowers from April to July with peak inflorescence in May.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/><ref name=Nelson>Nelson, G. [http://www.gilnelson.com/ PanFlora]: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016</ref> It has been observed fruiting in October.<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> Flowers are hermaphroditic.<ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Phyla+nodiflora]]Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> | |
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
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===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
| − | + | ''Phyla nodiflora'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees from the Apidae family such as ''Apis mellifera'', sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as ''Augochloropsis metallica, Halictus poeyi'' and ''Lasioglossum lepidii'', leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Anthidium maculifrons, Coelioxys mexicana, C. texana, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis'' and ''M. mendica'', and thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as ''Ammophila urnaria, Bicyrtes insidiatrix'' and ''Prionyx thomae''.<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> Additionally, ''P. nodiflora'' has been observed to host bees from the Apidae family such as ''Anthophora californica'', and leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Megachile brevis, M. coquilletti, M. gentilis'' and ''M. texana''.<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> | |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== <!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc--> | |
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It is the larval host plant for the following butterflies: common buckeye (''Junoinia coenia''), phaon cresent (''Phyciodes phaon'') and white peacock (''Anartia jatrophae''). It is the nectar plant for the following butterflies: barred yellow (''Eurema daira''), ceranus blue (''Hemiargus ceraunus''), field skipper (''Atalopedes campestris''), gray hairstreak (''Strymon melinus''), little metalmark (''Calephelis virginiensis''), Miami blue (''Hemiargus thomasi''), Palatka skipper (''Euphytes pilatka''), phaon crescent (''Phyciodes phaon''), queen (''Danaus gilippus''), swarthy skipper (''Nastra lherminier''), tropical checkered-skipper (''Pyrgus oileus'').<ref name="regional"/> | It is the larval host plant for the following butterflies: common buckeye (''Junoinia coenia''), phaon cresent (''Phyciodes phaon'') and white peacock (''Anartia jatrophae''). It is the nectar plant for the following butterflies: barred yellow (''Eurema daira''), ceranus blue (''Hemiargus ceraunus''), field skipper (''Atalopedes campestris''), gray hairstreak (''Strymon melinus''), little metalmark (''Calephelis virginiensis''), Miami blue (''Hemiargus thomasi''), Palatka skipper (''Euphytes pilatka''), phaon crescent (''Phyciodes phaon''), queen (''Danaus gilippus''), swarthy skipper (''Nastra lherminier''), tropical checkered-skipper (''Pyrgus oileus'').<ref name="regional"/> | ||
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | |
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
It can be used to treat hookworm. It is also a antibacterial, deobstruent, anodyne, parasiticide, and a diuretic.<ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Phyla+nodiflora]] Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> | It can be used to treat hookworm. It is also a antibacterial, deobstruent, anodyne, parasiticide, and a diuretic.<ref name="pfaf">[[http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Phyla+nodiflora]] Accessed: February 20, 2016</ref> | ||
Latest revision as of 07:33, 15 July 2022
| Phyla nodiflora | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by John R. Gwaltney, Southeastern Flora.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Verbenaceae |
| Genus: | Phyla |
| Species: | P. nodiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene | |
| |
| Natural range of Phyla nodiflora from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Turkey tangle fogfruit; Creeping frogfruit[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Lippia nodiflora (Linnaeus) Michaux.[1]
Varieties: Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene var. minor (Hooker) O'Leary and Mulgara; Phyla nodiflora (Linnaeus) Greene var. nodiflora.[1]
Description
"Appressed pubescent, prostate to ascending or decumbent, perennial herbs, rooting at the nodes, obscurely to definitely 4- angled. Leaves opposite, serrate, base cuneate to attenuate; petioles to 0.5 mm long, often obscured by decurrent blade tissue. Inflorescence a bracteate head, in fruit a spike 8-15 cm long, 5-8 mm in diam., peduncles elongate, usually at alternate nodes and rarely in both axils at a node. Sepals united near base or for ½ their length, shorter than the corolla tube and the subtending bract; corolla zygomorphic, pinkish, lavender or rarely white, salverform, ca. 3 mm long, 5-lobes less than 1 mm long; stamens included, united to the corolla tube near middle at 2 levels. Fruit a schizocarp consisting of 2 mericarps. Mericarps yellowish tan, dull, orbicular to ovoid, rounded on one side and flattened on the other, 1-1.3 mm long." [2] "Stems prostrate or decumbent, rarely more than 1 dm tall. Leaves oblanceolate, obovate or elliptic, 1-3 cm long, 0.3-2 cm wide, acute, base cuneate to attenuate. Peduncles 3-10 cm long, usually 2.5X or more as long as subtending leaves."[2]
The two varieties can be distinguished by the leaves. Var. minor leaves have an elliptic or obovate shape, an acute apex, and a densely white-strigose or canescent texture. They are 0.5-2 cm long and 0.2-1 cm wide.Var. nodiflora has obovate and spatulate leaves, an obtuse apex, and subglabrous texture or with scattered and subappressed hairs. They are 0.5-1.5 cm wide and 2-4 cm long.[1]
Distribution
It is distributed throughout the United States, and can also be found in warmer parts of Asia, Africa, throughout India and Srilanka.[3]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, P. nodiflora has been observed growing in roadside hydric seepage bogs and exposed limerock.[4] Habitats are wet and moist with well-drained to poorly drained, sandy, limestone or organic soils without humus.[5] Associated species include Bidens, Polygonum, Cyperus and Ludwigia.[4]
Phyla nodiflora is an indicator species for the Calcareous Savannas community type as described in Carr et al. (2010).[6]
Phenology
P. nodiflora flowers from April to July with peak inflorescence in May.[4][7] It has been observed fruiting in October.[4] Flowers are hermaphroditic.[8]
Pollination
Phyla nodiflora has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees from the Apidae family such as Apis mellifera, sweat bees from the Halictidae family such as Augochloropsis metallica, Halictus poeyi and Lasioglossum lepidii, leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Anthidium maculifrons, Coelioxys mexicana, C. texana, Megachile brevis pseudobrevis and M. mendica, and thread-waisted wasps from the Sphecidae family such as Ammophila urnaria, Bicyrtes insidiatrix and Prionyx thomae.[9] Additionally, P. nodiflora has been observed to host bees from the Apidae family such as Anthophora californica, and leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Megachile brevis, M. coquilletti, M. gentilis and M. texana.[10]
Herbivory and toxicology
It is the larval host plant for the following butterflies: common buckeye (Junoinia coenia), phaon cresent (Phyciodes phaon) and white peacock (Anartia jatrophae). It is the nectar plant for the following butterflies: barred yellow (Eurema daira), ceranus blue (Hemiargus ceraunus), field skipper (Atalopedes campestris), gray hairstreak (Strymon melinus), little metalmark (Calephelis virginiensis), Miami blue (Hemiargus thomasi), Palatka skipper (Euphytes pilatka), phaon crescent (Phyciodes phaon), queen (Danaus gilippus), swarthy skipper (Nastra lherminier), tropical checkered-skipper (Pyrgus oileus).[5]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
It can be used to treat hookworm. It is also a antibacterial, deobstruent, anodyne, parasiticide, and a diuretic.[8]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 892-3. Print.
- ↑ Chaudhary, B. A., M. Jabeen, et al. (2016). "PHYLA NODIFLORA (VERBENACEAE): A REVIEW." 2016 2(1): 6.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Karen MacClendon, R.A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Leon, Liberty, Monroe, Taylor. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [[1]] Accessed: February 20, 2016
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 12 DEC 2016
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 [[2]]Accessed: February 20, 2016 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pfaf" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Discoverlife.org [3]
