Difference between revisions of "Lupinus diffusus"
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{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Lupinus diffusus | | name = Lupinus diffusus | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Lupi_diff.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = | + | | image_caption = Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial_authority = Nutt. | | binomial_authority = Nutt. | ||
| range_map = lupi_diff_dist.jpg | | range_map = lupi_diff_dist.jpg | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Lupinus diffusus'' from USDA NRCS [http:// | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Lupinus diffusus'' from USDA NRCS [http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=LUDI2 Plants Database]. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Common names: Blue sandhill lupine.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| − | + | "Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves palmately compound with (3) 5-15 (18) leaflets or 1-foliolate and then appearing simple; stipules partly adnate to the petiole, often caduceus. Racemes terminal with pedicellate, papilionaceous flowers subtended by usually caduceus bracts. Calyx conspicuously 2-lipped with the lips entire to deeply lobed; corolla commonly blue, white or yellow, rarely purplish, standard broadly obovate to orbicular and typically with reflexed margins; stamens monadelphous, filaments o two lengths, the longer with globose, versatile anthers, the shorter with linear, basifixed anthers; ovary sessile. Legume oblong, flattened, 2-12 seeded." <ref name="Radford et al 1964">Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 586-7. Print.</ref> | |
| + | |||
| + | "Cespitose herb perennating, decumbent stems 2-4 dm or more long from a woody taproot; more or less densely short-pubescent throughout. Leaves 1-foliolate, evergreen, mostly oblong to elliptic, 4-12 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide; petiole 3-10 cm long; stipules fused to petiole for (0.3) 0.8-2 (3) cm , free portion filiform, 0.5-2.5 cm long. Racemes 1-3 dm long; pedicels 1-4 mm long, each subtended by a caduceus, subulate bract 4-8 mm long, the lower 3-lobed with the 2 laterals linear and ca. 2 mm long and the central 5-7 mm long; petals light to deep blue, the standard with a conspicuous cream spot. Legume linear-oblong, 3-4.5 cm long, 7-9 mm broad, appressed-pubescent with trichomes ca. 2 mm long.' <ref name="Radford et al 1964"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''L. diffusus'' ranges from southeastern North Carolina to southern Florida, and west to Mississippi.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain in Florida, ''L. diffusus'' can occur in longleaf pine-scrub oak sand ridges, sand pine scrubs, deciduous scrub oak barrens, sand pine woods, and live oak-palmetto scrubs. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''L. diffusus'' had no response to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.<ref>Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Associated species include ''Carya floridana, Lechea, Chamaecyparis, Quercus virginiana, Q. laevis'' and ''Q. incant''.<ref name="FSU Herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: [http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu]. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, J. Beckner, D. Burch, George R. Cooley, A.H. Curtiss, H.A. Davis, R.K. Godfrey, M. Hopkins, Ann F. Johnson, Beverly Judd, Walet Judd, Edwin Keppner, R. Kral, O. Lakela, Robert J. Lemaire, Fred L. Lewton, Sidney McDaniel, Grady W. Reinert, Paul O. Schallert, D.B. Ward, Kenneth A. Wilson, Carroll E. Wood, Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Clay, Citrus, Coffee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Levy, Marion, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Like many other legumes, ''L. diffusus'' has root nodules that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria that provide the plant with nitrogen, even in poor soils.<ref name="unf">[[https://www.unf.edu/physicalfacilities/landscape/plants/Lupinus_diffusus_-_Skyblue_lupine.aspx]] UNF Landscape Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | ''L. diffusus'' flowers from March through May and fruits from June to July.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | ===Seed bank and germination=== | + | Seeds are dispersed by wind and animals.<ref name="dave">[[http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/1598/#b]] Dave's Garden Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref> |
| + | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | ===Pollination=== | + | Responds quickly to soil disturbance and fire.<ref name="hawthorne">[[http://hawthornhillwildflowers.blogspot.com/2010/05/sky-blue-lupine-lupinus-diffusus.html]] Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref> |
| − | + | <!--===Pollination===--> | |
| − | + | ===Herbivory and toxicology=== | |
| − | Apidae | + | ''Lupinus diffusus'' has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees from the Apidae family such as ''Bombus griseocollis'' and leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as ''Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, A. perplexum'' and ''Megachile exilis parexilis''.<ref name="Deyrup 2015">Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.</ref> |
| − | + | The legumes are toxic to livestock<ref name="unf"/>. Foliage is eaten by aphids and caterpillars.<ref name="dave"/> | |
| − | Megachilidae | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
| + | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
| + | File: Lupi_diff-059.jpg | <center> Flowers of ''Lupinus'' ''diffusus'' <p> Photo by Wayne Matchett, [http://www.spacecoastwildflowers.com SpaceCoastWildflowers.com] </p> | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:51, 14 July 2022
| Lupinus diffusus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae |
| Genus: | Lupinus |
| Species: | L. diffusus |
| Binomial name | |
| Lupinus diffusus Nutt. | |
| |
| Natural range of Lupinus diffusus from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common names: Blue sandhill lupine.[1]
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: none.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
Description
"Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves palmately compound with (3) 5-15 (18) leaflets or 1-foliolate and then appearing simple; stipules partly adnate to the petiole, often caduceus. Racemes terminal with pedicellate, papilionaceous flowers subtended by usually caduceus bracts. Calyx conspicuously 2-lipped with the lips entire to deeply lobed; corolla commonly blue, white or yellow, rarely purplish, standard broadly obovate to orbicular and typically with reflexed margins; stamens monadelphous, filaments o two lengths, the longer with globose, versatile anthers, the shorter with linear, basifixed anthers; ovary sessile. Legume oblong, flattened, 2-12 seeded." [2]
"Cespitose herb perennating, decumbent stems 2-4 dm or more long from a woody taproot; more or less densely short-pubescent throughout. Leaves 1-foliolate, evergreen, mostly oblong to elliptic, 4-12 cm long, 1.5-5 cm wide; petiole 3-10 cm long; stipules fused to petiole for (0.3) 0.8-2 (3) cm , free portion filiform, 0.5-2.5 cm long. Racemes 1-3 dm long; pedicels 1-4 mm long, each subtended by a caduceus, subulate bract 4-8 mm long, the lower 3-lobed with the 2 laterals linear and ca. 2 mm long and the central 5-7 mm long; petals light to deep blue, the standard with a conspicuous cream spot. Legume linear-oblong, 3-4.5 cm long, 7-9 mm broad, appressed-pubescent with trichomes ca. 2 mm long.' [2]
Distribution
L. diffusus ranges from southeastern North Carolina to southern Florida, and west to Mississippi.[1]
Ecology
Habitat
In the Coastal Plain in Florida, L. diffusus can occur in longleaf pine-scrub oak sand ridges, sand pine scrubs, deciduous scrub oak barrens, sand pine woods, and live oak-palmetto scrubs.
L. diffusus had no response to agricultural-based soil disturbance in South Carolina coastal plains communities.[3]
Associated species include Carya floridana, Lechea, Chamaecyparis, Quercus virginiana, Q. laevis and Q. incant.[4]
Like many other legumes, L. diffusus has root nodules that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria that provide the plant with nitrogen, even in poor soils.[5]
Phenology
L. diffusus flowers from March through May and fruits from June to July.[1]
Seed dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by wind and animals.[6]
Fire ecology
Responds quickly to soil disturbance and fire.[7]
Herbivory and toxicology
Lupinus diffusus has been observed at the Archbold Biological Station to host bees from the Apidae family such as Bombus griseocollis and leafcutting bees from the Megachilidae family such as Anthidiellum notatum rufomaculatum, A. perplexum and Megachile exilis parexilis.[8] The legumes are toxic to livestock[5]. Foliage is eaten by aphids and caterpillars.[6]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
Flowers of Lupinus diffusus Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 586-7. Print.
- ↑ Brudvig, L.A., J.L. Orrock, E.I. Damschen, C.D. Collins, P.G. Hahn, W.B. Mattingly, J.W. Veldman, and J.L. Walker. (2014). Land-Use History and Contemporary Management Inform an Ecological Reference Model for Longleaf Pine Woodland Understory Plant Communities. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86604.
- ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, J. Beckner, D. Burch, George R. Cooley, A.H. Curtiss, H.A. Davis, R.K. Godfrey, M. Hopkins, Ann F. Johnson, Beverly Judd, Walet Judd, Edwin Keppner, R. Kral, O. Lakela, Robert J. Lemaire, Fred L. Lewton, Sidney McDaniel, Grady W. Reinert, Paul O. Schallert, D.B. Ward, Kenneth A. Wilson, Carroll E. Wood, Jean Wooten. States and Counties: Florida: Brevard, Clay, Citrus, Coffee, Hernando, Highlands, Hillsborough, Lake, Levy, Marion, Okaloosa, Osceola, Polk, Santa Rosa, Seminole, Walton, Washington. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 [[1]] UNF Landscape Accessed: February 9, 2016
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 [[2]] Dave's Garden Accessed: February 9, 2016
- ↑ [[3]] Accessed: February 9, 2016
- ↑ Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
