Difference between revisions of "Dichanthelium filiramum"
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<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| − | | name = | + | | name = Dichanthelium filiramum |
| image = | | image = | ||
| image_caption = Photo by | | image_caption = Photo by | ||
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| − | | classis = Liliopsida - Moncots | + | | classis = Liliopsida - Moncots |
| − | | ordo = | + | | ordo = Cyperales |
| − | | familia = | + | | familia = Poaceae |
| − | | genus = '' | + | | genus = ''Dichanthelium'' |
| − | | species = ''''' | + | | species = '''''D. filiramum''''' |
| − | | binomial = '' | + | | binomial = ''Dichanthelium filiramum'' |
| − | | binomial_authority = | + | | binomial_authority = Ashe |
| range_map = | | range_map = | ||
| − | | range_map_caption = Natural range of '' | + | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dichanthelium filiramum''. |
}} | }} | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| + | Synonyms: ''Panicum chrysopsidifolium'' Nash; ''P. consanguineum'' Kunth; ''P. aciculare'' Desvaux ex Poiret; ''P. lanuginosum'' Elliott var. ''lanuginosum''; ''Dichanthelium acuminatum'' (Swartz) Gould & C.A. Clark var. ''acuminatum''.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | This species is still being clarified, and is associated with the ''Dichanthelium aciculare'' complex as well as the ''D. acuminatum'' complex.<ref name= "Weakley">Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''Dichanthelium filiramum'' is a perennial graminoid in the Poaceae family. Leaves are longitudinally wrinkled 15 to 20 times or more as long as wide, and also contains strongly nerved spikelets. Nodes are villous with longer ligules as well.<ref name= "Weakley"/> | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | The species is native to the eastern United States from Delaware south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas. It is also native to the West Indies.<ref name= "Weakley"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | < | + | ''D. filiramum'' can be found pinelands ranging from dry to moist soils.<ref name= "Weakley"/> A specimen collected from the Apalachicola National Forest in the Florida panhandle found the species frequent in an open area of cutover pine flatwoods that was near a trail in wet loamy sand.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: April 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | This species generally flowers from May until October.<ref name= "Weakley"/> This species was observed fruiting in May.<ref name= "herbarium"/> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
<!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | <!--===Fire ecology===--> <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
<!--===Pollination===--> | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> |
| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | ''D. filiramum'' will increase under heavy grazing by cattle, but continuous use may lead to a decrease and replacement by other grasses. The species is somewhat palatable, and functions as forage for cattle in the early winter and spring.<ref name= "Forestland Grazing">Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.</ref> |
| + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:37, 24 June 2022
hairy needle-leaved witch grass
| Dichanthelium filiramum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Cyperales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Dichanthelium |
| Species: | D. filiramum |
| Binomial name | |
| Dichanthelium filiramum Ashe | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Panicum chrysopsidifolium Nash; P. consanguineum Kunth; P. aciculare Desvaux ex Poiret; P. lanuginosum Elliott var. lanuginosum; Dichanthelium acuminatum (Swartz) Gould & C.A. Clark var. acuminatum.[1]
Varieties: none.[1]
This species is still being clarified, and is associated with the Dichanthelium aciculare complex as well as the D. acuminatum complex.[2]
Description
Dichanthelium filiramum is a perennial graminoid in the Poaceae family. Leaves are longitudinally wrinkled 15 to 20 times or more as long as wide, and also contains strongly nerved spikelets. Nodes are villous with longer ligules as well.[2]
Distribution
The species is native to the eastern United States from Delaware south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Texas. It is also native to the West Indies.[2]
Ecology
Habitat
D. filiramum can be found pinelands ranging from dry to moist soils.[2] A specimen collected from the Apalachicola National Forest in the Florida panhandle found the species frequent in an open area of cutover pine flatwoods that was near a trail in wet loamy sand.[3]
Phenology
This species generally flowers from May until October.[2] This species was observed fruiting in May.[3] D. filiramum will increase under heavy grazing by cattle, but continuous use may lead to a decrease and replacement by other grasses. The species is somewhat palatable, and functions as forage for cattle in the early winter and spring.[4]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: April 2019. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson. States and Counties: Florida: Franklin.
- ↑ Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.
