Difference between revisions of "Anemone virginiana"
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| + | Common name: Thimbleweed, Tall Anemone | ||
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==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | Anemone virginiana Linnaeus var. virginiana. | + | Varieties: ''Anemone virginiana'' Linnaeus var. ''virginiana''.<ref>Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States |
| + | by Alan S. Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team, Edition of April 13, 2022, [http://www.ehttp://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm]</ref> ranges throughout the southeast. Weakley states that a more northern variety, ''Anemone virginiana'' Linnaeus var. ''alba'' (Oakes) Alph. Wood., "might be expected in n. VA, especially in river scour situations," but the Flora of Virginia does not list var. ''alba''.<ref>Virginia Botanical Associates. (2022). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora [http://www.vaplantatlas.org]. c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg.</ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | + | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->''Anemone virginiana'' (common name Thimbleweed or Tall Anemone) is a perennial wildflower in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, with a bloom period from May to August and a height of 1-3 feet. Its erect, multiple stems, rising 2-3 ft., are topped by a greenish-white flower with a slightly elongated center resembling a short thimble. After frost, the thimble matures to a cottony tuft. Leaves are deeply cut and clustered in a whorl halfway up the stem. The distinctive, thimble-shaped group of pistils accounts for the common name. <ref> https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=anvi3</ref> |
| − | ==Distribution== | + | |
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''Anemone virginiana'' is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States and the Midwest, in dry to mesic forests, rocky woodlands, barrens, old fields, and clearings, mainly on moderately to strongly base-rich soils. While common in the mountains and Piedmont, it is infrequent in the Coastal Plain. <ref> Weakley, A. S., Ludwig, J. C., Townsend, J. F., & Crowder, B. (2012). Flora of Virginia. Fort Worth, Tex: Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press. </ref> | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | + | ===Habitat===<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | |
| − | < | + | In Virginia, ''Anemone virginiana'' has been observed in the rare Coastal Plain Dry Calcareous Forests communities (NatureServe:G1, critically imperiled)<ref>https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689488/Quercus_muehlenbergii_-_Cercis_canadensis_-_Bromus_pubescens_-_Erigeron_pulchellus_var_pulchellus_-_Aquilegia_canadensis_Forest</ref>, including at Crow's Nest Natural Area Preserve. <ref>https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-area-preserves/crowsnest</ref> Similar forests range from Maryland to South Carolina. <ref> https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/nctc2 </ref> In South Carolina, ''Anemone virginia'' was observed as part of the calciphile plant communities in the Limestone Cliff-Marl Forest of Old Santee Canal State Park. <ref> Soblo, D. 1989. The vascular flora of Givhans Ferry State Park and Old Santee Canal State Park. Master's Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson S.C. </ref> |
| + | <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | Calcareous soils in the Coastal Plain are rare, but do exist in areas containing fossiliferous, calcareous shell deposits, found in geologic formations created during the Tertiary Era. When these formations are close to the surface, or when streams or rivers have down-cut into them, nutrient rich, circumneutral soils develop that favor plant growth and the development of unique calcareous plant communities. <ref> McAvoy, W. A., and J. W. Harrison. 2012. Plant community classification and the flora of Native American shell-middens on the Delmarva Peninsula. The Maryland Naturalist 52(1):1-34.</ref> | ||
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| − | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | + | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> |
==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== | ||
| + | ''Anemone virginiana'' is cultivated for native plant gardens, where it is said to attract bees and songbirds. <ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/anemone-virginiana-var-virginiana/</ref> | ||
==Cultural use== | ==Cultural use== | ||
| + | In the Coastal Plain, ''Anemone virginiana'' has been proposed as a calcium-indicator species, providing a reliable means of locating calcareous substrates when the species is located in the field. <ref> Hill, Steven R. “Calciphiles and Calcareous Habitats of South Carolina.” Castanea, vol. 57, no. 1, 1992, pp. 25–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4033847. Accessed 21 May 2022.</ref> | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:40, 15 June 2022
Common name: Thimbleweed, Tall Anemone
| Anemone virginiana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Jenny Meyer | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida - Dicots |
| Order: | Ranunculales |
| Family: | Ranunculaceae |
| Genus: | Anemone |
| Species: | A. virginiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Anemone virginiana L. | |
| |
| Natural range of Anemone virginiana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Varieties: Anemone virginiana Linnaeus var. virginiana.[1] ranges throughout the southeast. Weakley states that a more northern variety, Anemone virginiana Linnaeus var. alba (Oakes) Alph. Wood., "might be expected in n. VA, especially in river scour situations," but the Flora of Virginia does not list var. alba.[2]
Description
Anemone virginiana (common name Thimbleweed or Tall Anemone) is a perennial wildflower in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, with a bloom period from May to August and a height of 1-3 feet. Its erect, multiple stems, rising 2-3 ft., are topped by a greenish-white flower with a slightly elongated center resembling a short thimble. After frost, the thimble matures to a cottony tuft. Leaves are deeply cut and clustered in a whorl halfway up the stem. The distinctive, thimble-shaped group of pistils accounts for the common name. [3]
Distribution
Anemone virginiana is widely distributed throughout the eastern United States and the Midwest, in dry to mesic forests, rocky woodlands, barrens, old fields, and clearings, mainly on moderately to strongly base-rich soils. While common in the mountains and Piedmont, it is infrequent in the Coastal Plain. [4]
Ecology
Habitat
In Virginia, Anemone virginiana has been observed in the rare Coastal Plain Dry Calcareous Forests communities (NatureServe:G1, critically imperiled)[5], including at Crow's Nest Natural Area Preserve. [6] Similar forests range from Maryland to South Carolina. [7] In South Carolina, Anemone virginia was observed as part of the calciphile plant communities in the Limestone Cliff-Marl Forest of Old Santee Canal State Park. [8] Calcareous soils in the Coastal Plain are rare, but do exist in areas containing fossiliferous, calcareous shell deposits, found in geologic formations created during the Tertiary Era. When these formations are close to the surface, or when streams or rivers have down-cut into them, nutrient rich, circumneutral soils develop that favor plant growth and the development of unique calcareous plant communities. [9]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Anemone virginiana is cultivated for native plant gardens, where it is said to attract bees and songbirds. [10]
Cultural use
In the Coastal Plain, Anemone virginiana has been proposed as a calcium-indicator species, providing a reliable means of locating calcareous substrates when the species is located in the field. [11]
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States by Alan S. Weakley and the Southeastern Flora Team, Edition of April 13, 2022, [1]
- ↑ Virginia Botanical Associates. (2022). Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora [2]. c/o Virginia Botanical Associates, Blacksburg.
- ↑ https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=anvi3
- ↑ Weakley, A. S., Ludwig, J. C., Townsend, J. F., & Crowder, B. (2012). Flora of Virginia. Fort Worth, Tex: Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press.
- ↑ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.689488/Quercus_muehlenbergii_-_Cercis_canadensis_-_Bromus_pubescens_-_Erigeron_pulchellus_var_pulchellus_-_Aquilegia_canadensis_Forest
- ↑ https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-area-preserves/crowsnest
- ↑ https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/nctc2
- ↑ Soblo, D. 1989. The vascular flora of Givhans Ferry State Park and Old Santee Canal State Park. Master's Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson S.C.
- ↑ McAvoy, W. A., and J. W. Harrison. 2012. Plant community classification and the flora of Native American shell-middens on the Delmarva Peninsula. The Maryland Naturalist 52(1):1-34.
- ↑ https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/anemone-virginiana-var-virginiana/
- ↑ Hill, Steven R. “Calciphiles and Calcareous Habitats of South Carolina.” Castanea, vol. 57, no. 1, 1992, pp. 25–33. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4033847. Accessed 21 May 2022.
