Difference between revisions of "Hypericum punctatum"

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{{italic title}}
 
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spotted St. John's-wort <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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Spotted St. John's-wort<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
 
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
 
{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
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''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
 
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
  
 
==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
 
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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''H. punctatum'' has a low tolerance for drought. It is tolerant of shade. <ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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''H. punctatum'' has a low tolerance for drought. It is tolerant of shade.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> This species also prefers partial shade, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> Specimens of ''H. punctatum'' have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It has also been recorded in outcrop oak hickory forests.<ref>Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.</ref>
 
It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.<ref name= "Weakley"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.</ref> This species also prefers partial shade, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.<ref name= "lady bird">[[https://www.wildflower.org/plants/search.php?search_field=&newsearch=true]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019</ref> Specimens of ''H. punctatum'' have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.<ref name= "herbarium">Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.</ref> It has also been recorded in outcrop oak hickory forests.<ref>Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.</ref>
  
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===Seed dispersal===
 
===Seed dispersal===
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This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity. <ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>
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This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.<ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
<!--===Seed bank and germination===-->
 
===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
 
===Fire ecology===<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->

Revision as of 19:02, 16 September 2020

Spotted St. John's-wort[1]

Hypericum punctatum
Hypericum punctatum SEF.jpg
Photo by the Southeastern Flora Plant Database
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Order: Theales
Family: Clusiaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Species: H. punctatum
Binomial name
Hypericum punctatum
Lam.
HYPE PUNT DIST.JPG
Natural range of Hypericum punctatum from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonyms: Hypericum subpetiolatum E.P. Bicknell ex Small.[2]

Varieties: none.[2]

Description

H. punctatum is a perennial forb/herb of the Clusiaceae family native to North America.[1]

Distribution

H. punctatum is found throughout the eastern United States and up into Eastern Canada, specifically Ontario and Quebec.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

H. punctatum has a low tolerance for drought. It is tolerant of shade.[1] It is commonly found in fields and woodland borders.[3] This species also prefers partial shade, and has a low tolerance for calcium carbonate.[4] Specimens of H. punctatum have been collected from upland pinelands that are annually burned, and other similar sandhill habitats that are well-drained.[5] It has also been recorded in outcrop oak hickory forests.[6]

Phenology

Flowers bloom in the early summer months.[1] It commonly flowers between June and September.[3]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by gravity.[7]

Fire ecology

H. punctatum is not a fire resistant forb but has a mild tolerance to fire.[1] A study in the Great Dismal Swamp in southeastern Virginia found this species present in areas that were commonly cut-burned.[8] Another study in dry sandstone barrens in ___ found this plant to increase by 75% in size, and increase 250% in occurrences after a fire disturbance.[9]

Pollination

This species is considered by pollination ecologists to be of special value to bumble bees since the flowers attract such large numbers for pollination.[4]

Use by animals

It has been recorded to be eaten by white-tailed deer.[10]

Conservation and Management

It is considered vulnerable in the Canadian province Quebec, critically imperiled in Nebraska, and an exotic species in the Canadian province Newfoundland.[11]

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 USDA Plant Database
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 [[1]] Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Accessed: May 28, 2019
  5. ↑ Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: May 2019. Collectors: Wilson Baker, Robert K. Godfrey, Jeffrey M. Kane, Roy Komarek, and R. A. Norris. States and Counties: Florida: Leon. Georgia: Thomas.
  6. ↑ Bostick, P. E. (1971). "Vascular Plants of Panola Mountian, Georgia " Castanea 46(3): 194-209.
  7. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  8. ↑ McKinley, C. E. and F. P. Day (1979). "Herbaceous production in cut-burned, uncut-burned and control areas of Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP (Cupressaceae) stand in the Great Dismal Swamp." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 106: 20-28.
  9. ↑ Taft, J. B. (2003). "Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 170-192.
  10. ↑ Atwood, E. L. (1941). "White-tailed deer foods of the United States." The Journal of Wildlife Management 5(3): 314-332.
  11. ↑ [[2]] NatureServe Explorer. Accessed: May 28, 2019
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