Difference between revisions of "Lyonia fruticosa"
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The genus ''Lyonia'' is named for John Lyon a 19th century botanist who is best known for his travels in southern Appalachians <ref name="treasurecoast">[[https://treasurecoastnatives.wordpress.com/2014/01/18/fettered-staggering-and-getting-by/]] Treasure Coast Natives Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref>. | The genus ''Lyonia'' is named for John Lyon a 19th century botanist who is best known for his travels in southern Appalachians <ref name="treasurecoast">[[https://treasurecoastnatives.wordpress.com/2014/01/18/fettered-staggering-and-getting-by/]] Treasure Coast Natives Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref>. | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
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It is very similar to ''L. ferruginea'' however, ''L. fruticosa'' has scales on the abaxial side that are all the same size <ref name="ifas">[[https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR37300.pdf]] Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref>. | It is very similar to ''L. ferruginea'' however, ''L. fruticosa'' has scales on the abaxial side that are all the same size <ref name="ifas">[[https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR37300.pdf]] Accessed: February 9, 2016</ref>. | ||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
It can be found in the extreme southern part of South Carolina, southern Georgia, and Florida <ref name="inaturalist">[[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/coastal_plain_staggerbush]]inaturalist Accessed: February 9, 2016 </ref>. | It can be found in the extreme southern part of South Carolina, southern Georgia, and Florida <ref name="inaturalist">[[https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/coastal_plain_staggerbush]]inaturalist Accessed: February 9, 2016 </ref>. | ||
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
Habitats of ''L. fruticosa'' include pine flatwoods, pine-oak scrubs, pine/saw palmetto flats, ''Cyrilla'' swamps, cypress-gum swamps, shrub bogs, upland xeric sand pine/sand live oak communities, depression marshes, shore hammock, and mesic hardwood hammocks. It has been observed growing in abandoned dumps and slash pine plantations. Substrates include loamy sand and white sand. Associated species include ''Lyonia lucida, Ilex glabra, Myrica cerifera, Aronia, Sarracenia minor, Rhododendron, Kalmia, Hypericum, Serenoa repens, Agalinis'' and ''Sphagnum'' (FSU Herbarium; Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992). | Habitats of ''L. fruticosa'' include pine flatwoods, pine-oak scrubs, pine/saw palmetto flats, ''Cyrilla'' swamps, cypress-gum swamps, shrub bogs, upland xeric sand pine/sand live oak communities, depression marshes, shore hammock, and mesic hardwood hammocks. It has been observed growing in abandoned dumps and slash pine plantations. Substrates include loamy sand and white sand. Associated species include ''Lyonia lucida, Ilex glabra, Myrica cerifera, Aronia, Sarracenia minor, Rhododendron, Kalmia, Hypericum, Serenoa repens, Agalinis'' and ''Sphagnum'' (FSU Herbarium; Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992). | ||
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===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
The white urn-shaped flowers and dry, egg shaped fruits appear March through December <ref name="inaturalist"/>(FSU Herbarium). | The white urn-shaped flowers and dry, egg shaped fruits appear March through December <ref name="inaturalist"/>(FSU Herbarium). | ||
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<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
''L. fruticosa'' recovers post-fire from resprouting and clonal growth (Menges and Maguire 2011) and shows a significant positive trend in percent frequency with time since last fire in rosemary scrubs (Menges and Kohfeldt). Density is the highest 12 months post burn (Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992). | ''L. fruticosa'' recovers post-fire from resprouting and clonal growth (Menges and Maguire 2011) and shows a significant positive trend in percent frequency with time since last fire in rosemary scrubs (Menges and Kohfeldt). Density is the highest 12 months post burn (Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992). | ||
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===Pollination=== | ===Pollination=== | ||
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Lyonia fruticosa'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of ''Lyonia fruticosa'' at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015): | ||
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Vespidae: ''Monobia quadridens'' | Vespidae: ''Monobia quadridens'' | ||
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<!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | <!--===Use by animals===--> <!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
===Diseases and parasites=== | ===Diseases and parasites=== | ||
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''Exobasidiaceae'' causes galls on the leaves of ''L. fruticosa''<ref name="treasurecoast"/>. | ''Exobasidiaceae'' causes galls on the leaves of ''L. fruticosa''<ref name="treasurecoast"/>. | ||
| − | + | ==Conservation and Management== | |
| − | + | ==Cultivation and restoration== | |
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==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA. | Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA. | ||
Revision as of 14:00, 24 June 2016
| Lyonia fruticosa | |
|---|---|
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| Photo by Betty Wargo, Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Lyonia |
| Species: | L. fruticosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) G.S. Torr. | |
| |
| Natural range of Lyonia fruticosa from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: coastal plain staggerbush
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonym: Xolisma fruticosa (Michaux) Nash
The genus Lyonia is named for John Lyon a 19th century botanist who is best known for his travels in southern Appalachians [1].
Description
A description of Lyonia fruticosa is provided in The Flora of North America.
It is very similar to L. ferruginea however, L. fruticosa has scales on the abaxial side that are all the same size [2].
Distribution
It can be found in the extreme southern part of South Carolina, southern Georgia, and Florida [3].
Ecology
Habitat
Habitats of L. fruticosa include pine flatwoods, pine-oak scrubs, pine/saw palmetto flats, Cyrilla swamps, cypress-gum swamps, shrub bogs, upland xeric sand pine/sand live oak communities, depression marshes, shore hammock, and mesic hardwood hammocks. It has been observed growing in abandoned dumps and slash pine plantations. Substrates include loamy sand and white sand. Associated species include Lyonia lucida, Ilex glabra, Myrica cerifera, Aronia, Sarracenia minor, Rhododendron, Kalmia, Hypericum, Serenoa repens, Agalinis and Sphagnum (FSU Herbarium; Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992).
Phenology
The white urn-shaped flowers and dry, egg shaped fruits appear March through December [3](FSU Herbarium).
Fire ecology
L. fruticosa recovers post-fire from resprouting and clonal growth (Menges and Maguire 2011) and shows a significant positive trend in percent frequency with time since last fire in rosemary scrubs (Menges and Kohfeldt). Density is the highest 12 months post burn (Schmalzer and Hinkle 1992).
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Lyonia fruticosa at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Bombus impatiens
Colletidae: Colletes banksi, C. distinctus, C. productus, C. sp. A
Halictidae: Augochloropsis sumptuosa
Sphecidae: Stictia carolina
Vespidae: Monobia quadridens
Diseases and parasites
The lace bug Stephanitis blatchleyi has not been observed on L. fruticosa but has been found on L. ferruginea (Wheeler and Stoops 2013).
Exobasidiaceae causes galls on the leaves of L. fruticosa[1].
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: October 2015. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, W.M.B., Edwin L. Bridges, Michael B. Brooks, Andre F. Clewell, Delzie Demaree, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, Walter S. Judd, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, K. Lems, S.W. Leonard, Sidney McDaniel, Marc Minno, Richard S. Mitchell, R.A. Norris, C.W. O’Brien, Steve Orzell, Jackie Patman, Elmer C. Prichard, Gwynn W. Ramsey, James D. Ray, Grady Reinert, David Roddenberry, Cecil R. Slaughter, R.F. Thorne, E. Tyson, D.B. Ward, E. West, A.A. Will, Roomie Wilson. States and Counties: Florida: Alachua, Clay,Collier, Columbia, Duval, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist, Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Martin, Nassau, Okeechobee, Palm Beach, Pasco, Polk, Putnam, Sarasota, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla. Georgia: Camden. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
Menges, E. S. and N. Kohfeldt (1995). "Life History Strategies of Florida Scrub Plants in Relation to Fire." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122(4): 282-297. Menges, E. S. and A. J. Maguire (2011). "Post-fire growth strategies of resprouting Florida scrub vegetation." Fire Ecology 7(3).
Schmalzer, P. A. and C. R. Hinkle (1992). "Recovery of Oak-Saw Palmetto Scrub after Fire." Castanea 57(3): 158-173.
Wheeler, A. G. and C. A. Stoops (2013). "STEPHANITIS BLATCHLEYI (HEMIPTERA: TINGIDAE): FIRST HOST-PLANT ASSOCIATION FOR A RARELY COLLECTED LACE BUG." The Florida Entomologist 96(2): 673-675.
