Difference between revisions of "Baptisia alba"

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This species has been observed flowering from February through July, and fruiting from May through July<ref name="fsu"/>.
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''B. alba'' grows from a rhizomatous root sytem with a taproot sending up one to several stems<ref name="friends">[[http://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/falsewhiteindigo.html]]Accessed: April 4, 2016</ref>. It exhibits asynchronous flowering<ref name="petersen">Petersen, C. E., J. B. Ciesielski, et al. (2009). "A two-year study of the reproductive phenology of Baptisia alba (Fabaceae)." Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 103.</ref>. Blooms April through July<ref name="floridata"/>.
 
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Revision as of 09:18, 4 April 2016

Baptisia alba
Baptisia alba Gil.jpg
photo by Gil Nelson
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae
Genus: Baptisia
Species: B. alba
Binomial name
Baptisia alba
(L.) Farw.
BAPT ALBA dist.jpg
Natural range of Baptisia alba from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Common Name: white wild indigo

Taxonomic notes

Synonyms: Baptisia alba var. alba; B. lactea (Rafinesque) Thieret var. obovata (Larisey) Isely; B. lactea var. pendula (Larisey) B.L. Turner; B. pendula Larisey; B. pendula var. pendula; B. pendula var. obovata Larisey

The genus name comes from the Greek word "bapto" meaning to dye, the specific epithet means white[1].

Description

For the Baptisia genus, the group are rhizomatous perennial herbs which blackening when dried. The leaves are 3-foliolate or rarely simple. The flowers are papilionaceous, either solitary or in axillary or in terminal racemes. The calyx is persistent, is 4-5 toothed (or lobed), is campanulate, the upper lip is entire, the is notched or 2-lobed. The petals can be white, cream, yellow or blue in color. The petals are orbicular to reniform and usually reflexed and are shorter than the wing and keel petals. There are 10 stamens, the filaments are distinct, ovary stipitate in shape. The legume has a papery to almost woody feel in texture, is inflated, stalked, globose to cylindric in shape, and contains many small seeds[2].

Specifically, for Baptisia alba, the plants are glaucous, glabrous or close to it. The plants grow up to 0.5-1.2 m tall. The leaves contains the 3-foliolate, the leaflets are elliptic, oblanceolate to obovate in shape, and growing up to 2-4 (6) cm long, and 0.8- 1.5 cm wide. The stipules become deciduous, deltoid to lanceolate, and grow up to 5 mm long. The racemes are long, slender, and terminal, and growing up to 1.5-5 dm long. The (2) pedicels grow up to 4-12 mm long subtended by caducous bracts that grow up to 5-7 mm long. The calyx is glabrous except for the short-ciliate margin. When dried, changes to a greenish yellow to straw color. Of the calyx, the upper lip is entire or slightly emarginated, the corolla is white in color, and the keel and wing petals grow up to 1.2-1.8 cm long. The legume is usually erect, is light brown in color, is cylindric in shape, and grows up to 2-3.5 cm long and up to 5-10 mm in diameter[2].

Distribution

Native to the southeastern United States from Virginia to central Florida[3].

Ecology

Habitat

Baptisia alba is found dry habitats such as in pine flatwoods, along the edges of mesic thickets and bottomland woodlands, in open upland pine-hardwood sand ridges, well-drained hardwood hammocks, and open upland woods. It can also be found in some disturbed habitats, namely on moist roadsides and along hiking trails and railways. This species appears in a range of light levels, from shady to sunny, and in mostly sandy soil types such as loamy sand and drying sandy loam[4].

Phenology

B. alba grows from a rhizomatous root sytem with a taproot sending up one to several stems[5]. It exhibits asynchronous flowering[6]. Blooms April through July[3].

Fire ecology

It inhabits annually burned pinelands, which implies fire tolerance[4].

Conservation and Management

Cultivation and restoration

Photo Gallery

  • Baptisia alba at Pebble Hill Plantation[7]

References and notes

Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: H. E. Ahles, L. C. Anderson, R. Athey, K. E. Blum, M. B. Brooks, J. R. Burkhalter, A. F. Clewell, D.S. Correll, R. F. Doren, W. H. Duncan, L. R. Fox, J. P. Gillespie, R. K. Godfrey, N. C. Henderson, R. H. Houk, G. R. Knight, R. Komarek, R. Kral, R. L. Lazor, R.S. Leisner, K. MacClendon, A. W. Macias, S. McDaniel, R. Mitchell, G. W. Ramsey, J. D. Ray Jr., L. M. Umbach, and R. L. Wilbur. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Madison, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady, Fannin, Lowndes, Taliaferro, Thomas, and White. Kansas: Franklin. Mississippi: Hancock and Panola. Missouri: Vernon. North Carolina: Stanly. South Carolina: Lancaster, Richland, and Sumter. Texas: Red River.

Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 580-2. Print.

  1. ↑ [[1]] Missouri Botanical Gardens. Accessed: April 4, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 .Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. 1964, 1968. The University of North Carolina Press. 580-2. Print.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [[2]]Floridata. Accessed: April 4, 2016
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: H. E. Ahles, L. C. Anderson, R. Athey, K. E. Blum, M. B. Brooks, J. R. Burkhalter, A. F. Clewell, D.S. Correll, R. F. Doren, W. H. Duncan, L. R. Fox, J. P. Gillespie, R. K. Godfrey, N. C. Henderson, R. H. Houk, G. R. Knight, R. Komarek, R. Kral, R. L. Lazor, R.S. Leisner, K. MacClendon, A. W. Macias, S. McDaniel, R. Mitchell, G. W. Ramsey, J. D. Ray Jr., L. M. Umbach, and R. L. Wilbur. States and Counties: Florida: Calhoun, Dixie, Escambia, Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Leon, Madison, Suwannee, Taylor, Wakulla, and Washington. Georgia: Grady, Fannin, Lowndes, Taliaferro, Thomas, and White. Kansas: Franklin. Mississippi: Hancock and Panola. Missouri: Vernon. North Carolina: Stanly. South Carolina: Lancaster, Richland, and Sumter. Texas: Red River.
  5. ↑ [[3]]Accessed: April 4, 2016
  6. ↑ Petersen, C. E., J. B. Ciesielski, et al. (2009). "A two-year study of the reproductive phenology of Baptisia alba (Fabaceae)." Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 103.
  7. ↑ Photographed and identified by Kevin Robertson at Pebble Hill
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