Difference between revisions of "Salix caroliniana"
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==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | ''Salix caroliniana'' | + | ''Salix caroliniana'' occurs in creek bottomlands, river banks, cypress swamps, river floodplains, wet coastal hammocks, margin of sawgrass swales, ''Eichornia'' bogs, tropical evergreen hardwood forests, border of cypress-gum depression in wet flatwoods, shallow water of a slow moving tributary of a river, marsh edges, mesic pinewoods, wet sloughs, and mesic hardwood swamps. It has also occurred in disturbed areas such as a willow thicket in a broad drainage area between the highway and a railway, roadside canals, swampy edges of an orange grove, waste areas, and powerline corridors (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include loamy soil, sandy silt, loam, and loamy sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include ''Persea, Salix nigra, Equisetum hymale, Saururus cernuus, Rumex verticillatus, R. hastatulus, Tradescantia ohiensis, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Commelina diffusa, Carex longii, Parietaria floridana, Ludwigia peruviana, Eleocharis geniculata, Carpinus caroliniana, Nyssa sylvatica'', and ''Nyssa aquatica'' (FSU Herbarium). |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
Revision as of 13:47, 14 March 2016
| Salix caroliniana | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Wayne Matchett, SpaceCoastWildflowers.com | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Salicales |
| Family: | Salicaceae |
| Genus: | Salix |
| Species: | S. caroliniana |
| Binomial name | |
| Salix caroliniana Michx. | |
| |
| Natural range of Salix caroliniana from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: coastal plain willow
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Description
A description of Salix caroliniana is provided in The Flora of North America.
Distribution
Distributed from eastern and central United States west to Texas and south to Miami-Dade county, Florida[1].
Ecology
Habitat
Salix caroliniana occurs in creek bottomlands, river banks, cypress swamps, river floodplains, wet coastal hammocks, margin of sawgrass swales, Eichornia bogs, tropical evergreen hardwood forests, border of cypress-gum depression in wet flatwoods, shallow water of a slow moving tributary of a river, marsh edges, mesic pinewoods, wet sloughs, and mesic hardwood swamps. It has also occurred in disturbed areas such as a willow thicket in a broad drainage area between the highway and a railway, roadside canals, swampy edges of an orange grove, waste areas, and powerline corridors (FSU Herbarium). Soil types include loamy soil, sandy silt, loam, and loamy sand (FSU Herbarium). Associated species include Persea, Salix nigra, Equisetum hymale, Saururus cernuus, Rumex verticillatus, R. hastatulus, Tradescantia ohiensis, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Commelina diffusa, Carex longii, Parietaria floridana, Ludwigia peruviana, Eleocharis geniculata, Carpinus caroliniana, Nyssa sylvatica, and Nyssa aquatica (FSU Herbarium).
Phenology
Flowers and fruits January through August (FSU Herbarium).
Seed dispersal
Seed bank and germination
Fire ecology
Pollination
The following Hymenoptera families and species were observed visiting flowers of Salix caroliniana at Archbold Biological Station (Deyrup 2015):
Apidae: Apis mellifera
Colletidae: Colletes brimleyi, Hylaeus confluens
Halictidae: Lasioglossum lepidii, L. pectoralis, L. placidensis, L. puteulanum
Leucospididae: Leucospis affinis
Sphecidae: Ectemnius decemmaculatus tequesta
Vespidae: Parancistrocerus perennis anacardivora, Polistes fuscatus, Stenodynerus histrionalis rufustus, Vespula squamosa, Zethus slossonae
Use by animals
Diseases and parasites
Conservation and Management
Cultivation and restoration
Photo Gallery
References and notes
Deyrup, M.A. and N.D. 2015. Database of observations of Hymenoptera visitations to flowers of plants on Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA.
Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: November 2015. Collectors: J. Richard Abbott, Harry E. Ahles, Loran C. Anderson, L. Baltzell, A.S. Barclay, Tom Barnes, L.J. Brass, Dana Bryan, Nancy Coile, Kathy Craddock Burks, Delzie Demaree, R.F. Doren, J.A. Duke, Donna Marie Eggers, Patricia Elliott, E.S. Ford, Angus Gholson, Robert K. Godfrey, James W. Hardin, Robert R. Haynes, Mary C. Helms, R.D. Houk, S.B. Jones, Walter S. Judd, H. Kurz, Robert Kral, O. Lakela, Alex Lasseigne, Robert J. Lemaire, S.W. Leonard, Elbert L. Little Jr., Richard S. Mitchell, T. Myint, J.B. Nelson, Hugh O’Neill, R.A. Norris, Elmer C. Prichard, J.T. Powell, P.L. Redfearn Jr., A.J. Sharp, Cecil R. Slaughter, R.R. Smith, Edward E. Terrell, D.B. Ward, Christine Wilton. States and Counties: Alabama: Crenshaw, Perry.Arkansas: Searcy, Saline, Van Buren. Florida: Bay, Dade, Dixie, Franklin, Gadsden, Glades, Gulf, Hernando, Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lake, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, Marion, Martin, Nassau, Orange, Pinellas, Putnam, Santa Rosa, St. Johns, Suwannee, Taylor, Volusia, Wakulla, Walton. Georgia: Bulloch, Camden, Decatur, McIntosh, Seminole. Missouri: Douglas, Greene, Iron, Stone, Taney. North Carolina: Beaufort, Craven, Hyde, Iredell, Perquimans, Pitt. South Carolina: Colleton. Tennessee: Dickson, Lewis. West Virginia: Raleigh. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
