Difference between revisions of "Dichanthelium angustifolium"
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| + | Common name: needleleaf rosette grass <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/>, narrow-leaved witchgrass <ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> | ||
<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | <!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database --> | ||
{{taxobox | {{taxobox | ||
| name = Dichanthelium angustifolium | | name = Dichanthelium angustifolium | ||
| − | | image = | + | | image = Dichanthelium_angustifolium_GF.jpg |
| − | | image_caption = Photo by | + | | image_caption = Photo by Gary Fleming at the [http://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1492&search=Search Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora] |
| regnum = Plantae | | regnum = Plantae | ||
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | | divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
| binomial = ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' | | binomial = ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' | ||
| binomial_authority = Elliot | | binomial_authority = Elliot | ||
| − | | range_map = | + | | range_map = DICH_ANGU_DIST.JPG |
| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC Plants Database]. | | range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC Plants Database]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
==Taxonomic Notes== | ==Taxonomic Notes== | ||
| − | ==Description== | + | Synonyms: ''Panicum angustifolium'' Elliott; ''P. aciculare'' Desvaux ex Poiret; ''D. aciculare'' Desvaux ex Poiret ssp. ''angustifolium'' (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| − | <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | + | |
| + | Varieties: none.<ref name="weakley">Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Description== <!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. --> | ||
| + | ''D. angustifolium'' is a perennial graminoid of the ''Poaceae'' family native to North America and Puerto Rico. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"> USDA Plant Database [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC] </ref> The best way to differentiate ''D. angustifolium'' from ''D. aciculare'' and ''D. arenicoloides'' in the fall is through the leaves being flat blades 2 to 4 mm wide, while the other two have involute leaf blades that are 1 to 2 mm wide. It can also be confused with ''D. consanguineum'' which has nodes that are spreading and pilose with blades 10 to 15 times as long as wide, while leaf blades of ''D. angustifolium'' are 20 or more times as long as wide in comparison.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | ''D. angustifolium'' is found along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Texas to New York, as well as Puerto Rico. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | ||
| + | |||
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | < | + | ''D. angustifolium'' is found in sandy pinelands and fields. <ref name= "Weakley 2015"> Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium. </ref> Specimens have been collected from wet pine flatwoods, open oak woodland, flatwoods with palmetto, moist soils of drainage areas, bayhead of river, old field, coastal hammock, pine savanna,sand pine scrub, wiregrass savanna, sandy margin of limesink, margin of lake, sandy fields, and slash pine flats. <ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Cecil R. Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Ann Johnson, W.C. Brumbach, R.F> THorne, R.A. Davidson, Steve Orzell, Edwin Bridges, R.K. Godfrey, Lloyd H. Shinners, R.Kral, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, Sidney McDaniel, Randy Haynes, A.F. Clewell, A.E. Radford, R.B. Channel, H.R. Reed, John Thieret, H.L. Blomquist, Delzie Demaree, Richard R. Clinebell II, Richard Carter, Keith Bradley, Robert Lazor, Grady Reinert, Frank Gould, Wm. Atwater, H. Kurz, Gwynn Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, J. Hunter, M. Knott, R. Dale Thomas, W. R. Anderson, Hurt Blum, S.W. Leonard, C.R. Bell, D. J. Banks, F. Maturo, J.B. McFarlin. States and counties: Florida (Volusia, Leon, Putnam, Wakulla, Bay, Lee, Liberty, Madison, Franklin, Escambia, washington, Calhoun, Polk, Clay, Duval, Jackson, Holmes, Gulf, Lee, Collier, Citrus, Columbia, Dixie, Dade, palm Beach, Madison, Taylor, Santa Rosa, Lafayette, Highlands) Alabama (Monroe, Monroe, Houston, Baldwin, Lee, Covington) Georgia (Mitchell, baker, Thomas, Grady, McIntosh) North Carolina (Carteret, Richmond, Brunswick, nash, Craven) Mississippi (Pearl River, Jackson, Harrison, Lauderdale) Tennessee (Lawrence) Texas (Freestone) Louisiana (Jackson, Oachita) South Carolina (Clarendon, Edgefield) </ref> As well, it has been recorded to be a component of the following communities in Florida: the xeric sandhills in the panhandle, the north Florida longleaf woodlands, the north Florida subxeric sandhills, the clayhill longleaf woodlands, and the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands.<ref name= "Carr">Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.</ref> In these sandhill habitats, ''D. angustifolium'' is only found in the upland areas and not mid-slope or in lowland areas.<ref>Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.</ref> It responds negatively to soil disturbance by agriculture in Southwest Georgia.<ref>Kirkman, L.K., K.L. Coffey, R.J. Mitchell, and E.B. Moser. Ground Cover Recovery Patterns and Life-History Traits: Implications for Restoration Obstacles and Opportunities in a Species-Rich Savanna. (2004). Journal of Ecology 92(3):409-421.</ref> It also responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida.<ref>Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.</ref> ''D. angustifolium'' responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.<ref>Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.</ref> However, ''D. angustifolium'' was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.<ref name=Dixon>Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills, North Florida Longleaf Woodlands, North Florida Subxeric Sandhills, Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands, and Panhandle Silty Longleaf Woodlands community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).<ref>Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| + | Generally, this species flowers from May until October.<ref name= "Weakley 2015"/> ''D. angustifolium'' has been observed to flower in April, May, July, September, and October. <ref name= "PanFlora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018 </ref> | ||
<!--===Seed dispersal===--> | <!--===Seed dispersal===--> | ||
<!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | <!--===Seed bank and germination===--> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> |
| − | + | Populations of ''Dichanthelium angustifolium'' have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.<ref>Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref> This witchgrass species commonly grows in communities that are fire dependent.<ref name= "Carr"/> It is more frequent in the second year after fire disturbance, and grows more stalks that are seed-bearing in the second winter.<ref name= "DiMiceli"/><ref>Johnson, E. I. 2006. Effects of fire on habitat associations, abundance, and survival of wintering Henslow's Sparrows (''Ammodramus henslowii'') in southeastern Louisiana longleaf pine savannas. M.Sc. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.</ref> ''D. angustifolium'' is not fully fire resistant though, and has low fire tolerance. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | |
| + | |||
| + | <!--===Pollination===--> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Herbivory, granivory, insect hosting, etc.--> | ||
| + | ''D. angustifolium'' is moderately palatable for grazing and browsing animals, but not for humans.<ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> Henslow's sparrows (''Ammodramus henslowii'') were also observed to prefer this witchgrass for foraging, even though the species has a low energy content.<ref name= "DiMiceli">DiMiceli, J. K., et al. (2007). "Seed preferences of wintering Henslow's sparrows." Condor 109: 595-604.</ref> ''D. angustifolium'' holds up well to heavy grazing by cattle, even tending to increase under the heavy use, but it is not as palatable as other grasses.<ref name= "Forestland Grazing">Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.</ref> | ||
<!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | <!--==Diseases and parasites==--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | + | ''D. angustifolium'' is listed as endangered by the New Jersey Office of Natural Lands Management Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, and by the Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Department of Environment and Conservation. <ref name= "USDA Plant Database"/> | |
| − | == | + | ==Cultural use== |
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 13:53, 1 August 2024
Common name: needleleaf rosette grass [1], narrow-leaved witchgrass [2]
| Dichanthelium angustifolium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo by Gary Fleming at the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Liliopsida - Moncots |
| Order: | Cyperales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Dichanthelium |
| Species: | D. angustifolium |
| Binomial name | |
| Dichanthelium angustifolium Elliot | |
| |
| Natural range of Dichanthelium angustifolium from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Contents
Taxonomic Notes
Synonyms: Panicum angustifolium Elliott; P. aciculare Desvaux ex Poiret; D. aciculare Desvaux ex Poiret ssp. angustifolium (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong.[3]
Varieties: none.[3]
Description
D. angustifolium is a perennial graminoid of the Poaceae family native to North America and Puerto Rico. [1] The best way to differentiate D. angustifolium from D. aciculare and D. arenicoloides in the fall is through the leaves being flat blades 2 to 4 mm wide, while the other two have involute leaf blades that are 1 to 2 mm wide. It can also be confused with D. consanguineum which has nodes that are spreading and pilose with blades 10 to 15 times as long as wide, while leaf blades of D. angustifolium are 20 or more times as long as wide in comparison.[2]
Distribution
D. angustifolium is found along the southeastern coast of the United States, from Texas to New York, as well as Puerto Rico. [1]
Ecology
Habitat
D. angustifolium is found in sandy pinelands and fields. [2] Specimens have been collected from wet pine flatwoods, open oak woodland, flatwoods with palmetto, moist soils of drainage areas, bayhead of river, old field, coastal hammock, pine savanna,sand pine scrub, wiregrass savanna, sandy margin of limesink, margin of lake, sandy fields, and slash pine flats. [4] As well, it has been recorded to be a component of the following communities in Florida: the xeric sandhills in the panhandle, the north Florida longleaf woodlands, the north Florida subxeric sandhills, the clayhill longleaf woodlands, and the panhandle silty longleaf woodlands.[5] In these sandhill habitats, D. angustifolium is only found in the upland areas and not mid-slope or in lowland areas.[6] It responds negatively to soil disturbance by agriculture in Southwest Georgia.[7] It also responds negatively to soil disturbance by roller chopping in South Florida.[8] D. angustifolium responds positively to soil disturbance by clearcutting and chopping in North Florida flatwoods forests.[9] However, D. angustifolium was found to be a decreaser in its long-term response following cessation of repeated soil disturbance.[10]
Dichanthelium angustifolium is frequent and abundant in the Panhandle Xeric Sandhills, North Florida Longleaf Woodlands, North Florida Subxeric Sandhills, Clayhill Longleaf Woodlands, and Panhandle Silty Longleaf Woodlands community types as described in Carr et al. (2010).[11]
Phenology
Generally, this species flowers from May until October.[2] D. angustifolium has been observed to flower in April, May, July, September, and October. [12]
Fire ecology
Populations of Dichanthelium angustifolium have been known to persist through repeated annual burns.[13] This witchgrass species commonly grows in communities that are fire dependent.[5] It is more frequent in the second year after fire disturbance, and grows more stalks that are seed-bearing in the second winter.[14][15] D. angustifolium is not fully fire resistant though, and has low fire tolerance. [1]
Herbivory and toxicology
D. angustifolium is moderately palatable for grazing and browsing animals, but not for humans.[1] Henslow's sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) were also observed to prefer this witchgrass for foraging, even though the species has a low energy content.[14] D. angustifolium holds up well to heavy grazing by cattle, even tending to increase under the heavy use, but it is not as palatable as other grasses.[16]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
D. angustifolium is listed as endangered by the New Jersey Office of Natural Lands Management Department of Environmental Protection and Energy, and by the Tennessee Natural Heritage Program Department of Environment and Conservation. [1]
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 USDA Plant Database https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=DIAC
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A. S. (2015). Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Herbarium.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Weakley, A.S. 2015. Flora of the southern and mid-atlantic states. Working Draft of 21 May 2015. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Cecil R. Slaughter, Loran C. Anderson, Ann Johnson, W.C. Brumbach, R.F> THorne, R.A. Davidson, Steve Orzell, Edwin Bridges, R.K. Godfrey, Lloyd H. Shinners, R.Kral, Tara Baridi, Rex Ellis, Sidney McDaniel, Randy Haynes, A.F. Clewell, A.E. Radford, R.B. Channel, H.R. Reed, John Thieret, H.L. Blomquist, Delzie Demaree, Richard R. Clinebell II, Richard Carter, Keith Bradley, Robert Lazor, Grady Reinert, Frank Gould, Wm. Atwater, H. Kurz, Gwynn Ramsey, R.S. Mitchell, J. Hunter, M. Knott, R. Dale Thomas, W. R. Anderson, Hurt Blum, S.W. Leonard, C.R. Bell, D. J. Banks, F. Maturo, J.B. McFarlin. States and counties: Florida (Volusia, Leon, Putnam, Wakulla, Bay, Lee, Liberty, Madison, Franklin, Escambia, washington, Calhoun, Polk, Clay, Duval, Jackson, Holmes, Gulf, Lee, Collier, Citrus, Columbia, Dixie, Dade, palm Beach, Madison, Taylor, Santa Rosa, Lafayette, Highlands) Alabama (Monroe, Monroe, Houston, Baldwin, Lee, Covington) Georgia (Mitchell, baker, Thomas, Grady, McIntosh) North Carolina (Carteret, Richmond, Brunswick, nash, Craven) Mississippi (Pearl River, Jackson, Harrison, Lauderdale) Tennessee (Lawrence) Texas (Freestone) Louisiana (Jackson, Oachita) South Carolina (Clarendon, Edgefield)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Carr, S. C., et al. (2010). "A Vegetation Classification of Fire-Dependent Pinelands of Florida." Castanea 75(2): 153-189.
- ↑ Gilliam, F. S., et al. (2006). "Natural disturbances and the physiognomy of pine savannas: A phenomenological model." Applied Vegetation Science 9: 83-96.
- ↑ Kirkman, L.K., K.L. Coffey, R.J. Mitchell, and E.B. Moser. Ground Cover Recovery Patterns and Life-History Traits: Implications for Restoration Obstacles and Opportunities in a Species-Rich Savanna. (2004). Journal of Ecology 92(3):409-421.
- ↑ Lewis, C.E. (1970). Responses to Chopping and Rock Phosphate on South Florida Ranges. Journal of Range Management 23(4):276-282.
- ↑ Moore, W.H., B.F. Swindel, and W.S. Terry. (1982). Vegetative Response to Clearcutting and Chopping in a North Florida Flatwoods Forest. Journal of Range Management 35(2):214-218.
- ↑ Dixon, C. M., K. M. Robertson, A. M. Reid and M. T. Rother. 2024. Mechanical soil disturbance in a pine savanna has multiyear effects on plant species composition. Ecosphere 15(2):e4759.
- ↑ Carr, S.C., K.M. Robertson, and R.K. Peet. 2010. A vegetation classification of fire-dependent pinelands of Florida. Castanea 75:153-189.
- ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 21 MAY 2018
- ↑ Robertson, K.M. Unpublished data collected from Pebble Hill Fire Plots, Pebble Hill Plantation, Thomasville, Georgia.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 DiMiceli, J. K., et al. (2007). "Seed preferences of wintering Henslow's sparrows." Condor 109: 595-604.
- ↑ Johnson, E. I. 2006. Effects of fire on habitat associations, abundance, and survival of wintering Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) in southeastern Louisiana longleaf pine savannas. M.Sc. thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.
- ↑ Byrd, Nathan A. (1980). "Forestland Grazing: A Guide For Service Foresters In The South." U.S. Department of Agriculture.
