Difference between revisions of "Prunus umbellata"

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{{italic title}}
 
{{italic title}}
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<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->
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Common names: hog plum<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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<!-- Get the taxonomy information from the NRCS Plants database -->, flatwoods plum<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref>  
 
{{taxobox
 
{{taxobox
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| name = Genus species
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| name = Prunus umbellata
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| image =  
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| image = Prunus_umbellata_SEF.jpg
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| image_caption = Photo by
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| image_caption = Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at [http://www.southeasternflora.com/view_flora.php?plantid=291 Southeastern Flora.com]
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| regnum = Plantae
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
 
| divisio = Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
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| classis = Liliopsida - Moncots or Magnoliopsida - Dicots  
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| classis = Magnoliopsida - Dicots  
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| ordo = Order
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| ordo = Rosales
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| familia = Family
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| familia = Rosaceae
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| genus = ''Genus''
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| genus = ''Prunus''
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| species = '''''G. species'''''
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| species = '''''P. umbellata'''''
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| binomial = ''Genus species''
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| binomial = ''Prunus umbellata''
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| binomial_authority = Authority
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| binomial_authority = Elliott
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| range_map =  
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| range_map = PRUN_UMBE_DIST.JPG
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Genus species'' from USDA NRCS [http://www.plants.usda.gov Plants Database].
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| range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Prunus umbellata'' from USDA NRCS [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PRUM Plants Database].
 
}}
 
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==Taxonomic Notes==
 
==Taxonomic Notes==
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Synonym: none<ref name=weakley/>   
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Varieties; ''Prunus injucunda'' (Small); ''Prunus mitis'' (Beadle); ''P. umbellata'' Elliott; ''P. umbellata'' Elliott var. ''injuncunda'' (Small) Sargent; ''P. umbellata'' Elliott var. ''umbellata''<ref name=weakley/>
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==Description==  
 
==Description==  
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''P. umbellata'' is a perennial shrub/tree of the Rosaceae family that is native to North America.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
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<!-- Basic life history facts such as annual/perrenial, monoecious/dioecious, root morphology, seed type, etc. -->
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==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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''P. umbellata'' is found throughout the southeastern United States; specifically, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
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==Ecology==
 
==Ecology==
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===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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===Habitat===  
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<!--===Phenology===--> <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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Habitats for ''P. umbellata'' include upland, sandy or rocky forests and woodlands.<ref name=weakley/>  Specimens have been collected from loamy sands of disturbed areas, ridge thickets, pineoak woodland and along fencerow, old golf course, longleaf pine-oak woodland, hedgerow in field, upland pine woodland, mixed deciduous woodland, low shrub, quarry area, hammocks, beach ridge, and flodplain.<ref name = "FSU herbarium"> URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Delzie Demaree, John Nelson, Sidney McDaniel, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, L.G. Plank, H. Kurz, Robert Simmons, Bruce Hansen, Richard P. Wunderlin, Norma Mawhinney, Gary Knight, Patricia Elliot, Gwynn Ramsey, Richard Mitchell, D.L. Fichtner, L.J. Brass, O.Lakela, George M. Riegler, R. Komarek, Richard R. Clinebell II, Annie Schmidt, Richard Carter, Pat Ferral , Whit Gibbons. States and counties: Florida (Okaloosa, Franklin, Gulf, Leon, Gadsden, Jefferson, Jackson, Liberty, Madison, Bay, Columbia, Wakulla, Sumter, Washington, Lafayette, Suwannee, Dixie, Holmes, Highlands, Pasco) Georgia (Wheeler, Decatur, Grady, Thomas) SOuth Carolina (Orangeburg)</ref>
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<!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.-->
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===Phenology===
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''P. umbellata'' has been observed flowering January through April with peak inflorescence in March.<ref name= "Pan Flora"> Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018</ref>
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<!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers.  Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ -->
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===Seed dispersal===
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This species is thought to be dispersed by consumption by vertebrates.<ref> Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.</ref>
 
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===Fire ecology===
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''Prunus umbellata'' is more common in regions that are unburned;<ref name= "mehlman">Mehlman, D. W. (1992). "Effects of fire on plant community composition of North Florida second growth pineland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 119(4): 376-383.</ref> however, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.<ref>Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.</ref>
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<!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses-->
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<!--===Pollination===-->
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===Herbivory and toxicology===<!--Common herbivores, granivory, insect hosting, poisonous chemicals, allelopathy, etc-->
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''Prunus umbellata'' has been observed to host true bugs such as ''Otiocerus sp.'' (family Derbidae).<ref>Discoverlife.org [https://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Bidens+albaDiscoverlife.org|Discoverlife.org]</ref> Wildlife, particularly mammals, only use it for a small amount of their diets.<ref name= "USDA"> [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CEAM USDA Plant Database]</ref>
 
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==Conservation and Management==
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==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration==
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==Cultural use==
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The plum fruit has long been eaten fresh or used in pies, jellies, sauces, and dried fruit.<ref> Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.</ref>
  
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==Cultivation and restoration==
 
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
==Photo Gallery==
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
<gallery widths=180px>
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
==References and notes==
 
==References and notes==

Latest revision as of 10:34, 14 July 2023

Common names: hog plum[1] , flatwoods plum[2]

Prunus umbellata
Prunus umbellata SEF.jpg
Photo by John Gwaltney hosted at Southeastern Flora.com
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Magnoliopsida - Dicots
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Species: P. umbellata
Binomial name
Prunus umbellata
Elliott
PRUN UMBE DIST.JPG
Natural range of Prunus umbellata from USDA NRCS Plants Database.

Taxonomic Notes

Synonym: none[2]

Varieties; Prunus injucunda (Small); Prunus mitis (Beadle); P. umbellata Elliott; P. umbellata Elliott var. injuncunda (Small) Sargent; P. umbellata Elliott var. umbellata[2]

Description

P. umbellata is a perennial shrub/tree of the Rosaceae family that is native to North America.[1]

Distribution

P. umbellata is found throughout the southeastern United States; specifically, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas.[1]

Ecology

Habitat

Habitats for P. umbellata include upland, sandy or rocky forests and woodlands.[2] Specimens have been collected from loamy sands of disturbed areas, ridge thickets, pineoak woodland and along fencerow, old golf course, longleaf pine-oak woodland, hedgerow in field, upland pine woodland, mixed deciduous woodland, low shrub, quarry area, hammocks, beach ridge, and flodplain.[3]

Phenology

P. umbellata has been observed flowering January through April with peak inflorescence in March.[4]

Seed dispersal

This species is thought to be dispersed by consumption by vertebrates.[5]

Fire ecology

Prunus umbellata is more common in regions that are unburned;[6] however, populations have been known to persist through repeated annual burning.[7]

Herbivory and toxicology

Prunus umbellata has been observed to host true bugs such as Otiocerus sp. (family Derbidae).[8] Wildlife, particularly mammals, only use it for a small amount of their diets.[1]

Conservation, cultivation, and restoration

Cultural use

The plum fruit has long been eaten fresh or used in pies, jellies, sauces, and dried fruit.[9]

Photo Gallery

References and notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 USDA Plant Database
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
  3. ↑ URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2018. Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, R.K. Godfrey, Delzie Demaree, John Nelson, Sidney McDaniel, Brenda Herring, Don Herring, L.G. Plank, H. Kurz, Robert Simmons, Bruce Hansen, Richard P. Wunderlin, Norma Mawhinney, Gary Knight, Patricia Elliot, Gwynn Ramsey, Richard Mitchell, D.L. Fichtner, L.J. Brass, O.Lakela, George M. Riegler, R. Komarek, Richard R. Clinebell II, Annie Schmidt, Richard Carter, Pat Ferral , Whit Gibbons. States and counties: Florida (Okaloosa, Franklin, Gulf, Leon, Gadsden, Jefferson, Jackson, Liberty, Madison, Bay, Columbia, Wakulla, Sumter, Washington, Lafayette, Suwannee, Dixie, Holmes, Highlands, Pasco) Georgia (Wheeler, Decatur, Grady, Thomas) SOuth Carolina (Orangeburg)
  4. ↑ Nelson, G. PanFlora: Plant data for the eastern United States with emphasis on the Southeastern Coastal Plains, Florida, and the Florida Panhandle. www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ Accessed: 24 MAY 2018
  5. ↑ Kirkman, L. Katherine. Unpublished database of seed dispersal mode of plants found in Coastal Plain longleaf pine-grasslands of the Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia.
  6. ↑ Mehlman, D. W. (1992). "Effects of fire on plant community composition of North Florida second growth pineland." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 119(4): 376-383.
  7. ↑ Platt, W.J., R. Carter, G. Nelson, W. Baker, S. Hermann, J. Kane, L. Anderson, M. Smith, K. Robertson. 2021. Unpublished species list of Wade Tract old-growth longleaf pine savanna, Thomasville, Georgia.
  8. ↑ Discoverlife.org [1]
  9. ↑ Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.
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