Difference between revisions of "Hylodesmum nudiflorum"
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| − | Common name: Nakedflower | + | Common name: Nakedflower tick-trefoil |
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
| − | Synonyms: ''Desmodium nudiflorum'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle; ''Meibomia nudiflora'' (Linnaeus) Kuntze | + | Synonyms: ''Desmodium nudiflorum'' (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle; ''Meibomia nudiflora'' (Linnaeus) Kuntze<ref name=weakley>Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | Varieties: none<ref name=weakley/> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| Line 26: | Line 28: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | It occurs widely throughout the eastern U.S. and eastern Canada | + | It occurs widely throughout the eastern U.S. and eastern Canada. <ref name="NRCS Plants Database">NRCS Plants Database http://plants.usda.gov/java/</ref> |
==Ecology== | ==Ecology== | ||
| − | The aboveground parts senesce during the autumn and leaves emerge around May. Flowering starts in August, and though each flower is short-lived, flowers can develop sequentially in an inflorescence. It is a nitrogen-fixing legume<ref name=huang>Huang, J. J. and R. E. J. Boerner (2007). "Effects of fire alone or combined with thinning on tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption in Desmodium nudiflorum." Oecologia 153: 233-243.</ref> | + | The aboveground parts senesce during the autumn and leaves emerge around May. Flowering starts in August, and though each flower is short-lived, flowers can develop sequentially in an inflorescence. It is a nitrogen-fixing legume.<ref name=huang>Huang, J. J. and R. E. J. Boerner (2007). "Effects of fire alone or combined with thinning on tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption in Desmodium nudiflorum." Oecologia 153: 233-243.</ref> |
===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ===Habitat=== <!--Natural communities, human disturbed habitats, topography, hydrology, soils, light, fire regime requirements for removal of competition, etc.--> | ||
| − | It can live in a humid climate that experiences extremes in precipitation, wind, and temperature | + | It can live in a humid climate that experiences extremes in precipitation, wind, and temperature.<ref name=chen>Chen, J., Xu, M., and Brosofske, K.D. 1997. Microclimatic characteristics in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks. In Proceedings of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project Symposium: An Experimental Approach to Landscape Research, St. Louis, Mo., 3–5 June 1997. Edited by B.L. Brookshire and S.R. Shifley. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-NC-193. pp. 120–133.</ref> It is abundant in cool, temperate, continental climates with acidic, well-drained soils. It occupies areas across light and nutrient gradients, but it occurred most frequently in open and drier areas.<ref name=huang/><ref name=huangetal>Huang, J. J., R. E. J. Boerner, et al. (2007). "Ecophysiological responses of two herbaceous species to prescribed burning, alone or in combination with overstory thinning." American Journal of Botany 94: 755-763.</ref> It is found in shortleaf pine, hickory, and oak communities.<ref name=concilio>Concilio, A., S. Y. Ma, et al. (2005). "Soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning in mixed-conifer and hardwood forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1581-1591.</ref> Herbarium specimens<ref name="FSU Herbarium"/> report its occurrence in mesic woodland, beech-magnolia woods above a permanent streamlet, Apalachicola River bluffs and ravines, pine-oak-hickory woods, pineland near small dry sinks, shortleaf pine-post oak and red oak-mockernut hickory woods, upland hardwood forest in Florida, a wooded bank in North Carolina, rocky ridges above 100 m elevation and dry, novaculate ridges above 340 m elevation in Arkansas, mixed deciduous forest and black oak wood in Michigan, shaley shaded bluffs in Virginia, limestone bluffs in Tennessee, and mesophytic woods in Kentucky. Occurs in frequently burned post-agriculture loblolly and shortleaf pine forest.<ref name=fsu/> Light levels are generally shaded.<ref name=fsu>Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Gary R. Knight, R. Kral, R. F. Thorne, R. A. Davidson, Gwen Roney, C. Jackson, K. Craddock Burks, A. F. Clewell, Robert Blaisdell, Wilson Baker, Rodie White, Billie Bailey, Marie Victorin, Rolland Germain, Ernest Rouleau, Marcel Raymond, Andre Champagne, Norland C. Henderson, R.E. Torrey, F. Hyland, Edw. Davis, William B. Fox, Delzie Demaree, B. E. Smith, Paul O. Schallert, A. E. Radford, G. W. Parmelee, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., S.B. Jones, Carleen Jones, Mary E. Wharton, D. R. Windler, S. J. Lombardo, Michael B. Brooks, Randy Warren. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Decatur. Virginia: Alleghany, Montgomery. Massachusetts: Amherst. North Carolina: Swain, Forsyth, Wayne, Jackson. Arkansas: Pulaski, Stone, Garland. South Carolina: Darlington. Michigan: Barry. Ohio: Portage. Mississippi: Smith, Webster. Missouri: McDonald, Barry. Tennessee: Lewis. Illinois: Lawrence. Kentucky: Clark. Alabama: Cherokee, Choctaw. Maryland: Baltimore. Other Countries: Canada. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.</ref> Soil types include dry sandy soil, sandy loam and rich loamy soil.<ref name=fsu/> |
| − | Associated species include magnolia, beech, pine, oak, hickory, ''Mitchella repens'', mockernut hickory, shortleaf pine, sweet gum, ''Desmodium orchroleucum, Commelina erecta, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Agrimonia, Matelea, Hexalectris, Toxicodendron, Quercus virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica'', loblolly pine, and black oak | + | Associated species include magnolia, beech, pine, oak, hickory, ''Mitchella repens'', mockernut hickory, shortleaf pine, sweet gum, ''Desmodium orchroleucum, Commelina erecta, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Agrimonia, Matelea, Hexalectris, Toxicodendron, Quercus virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica'', loblolly pine, and black oak.<ref name=fsu/> |
===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ===Phenology=== <!--Timing off flowering, fruiting, seed dispersal, and environmental triggers. Cite PanFlora website if appropriate: http://www.gilnelson.com/PanFlora/ --> | ||
| − | Flowers and fruits from June to October | + | Flowers and fruits from June to October.<ref name=fsu/> |
| + | |||
===Seed dispersal=== | ===Seed dispersal=== | ||
| − | Animals can act as dispersal agents since the fruit coats are covered with abundant, sticky trichomes that attach to their hair | + | Animals can act as dispersal agents since the fruit coats are covered with abundant, sticky trichomes that attach to their hair.<ref name=huang/> |
<!--===Seed bank and germination=== | <!--===Seed bank and germination=== | ||
===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ===Fire ecology=== <!--Fire tolerance, fire dependence, adaptive fire responses--> | ||
| − | It is generally not affected by dormant season (March-April) low-intensity fires since the heat generated by the fires does not penetrate to where the buds and rootstocks are. Huang and Boerner (2007) found that in their study, that burning alone or with thinning reduces nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the soil in the short-term and the long-term | + | It is generally not affected by dormant season (March-April) low-intensity fires since the heat generated by the fires does not penetrate to where the buds and rootstocks are. Huang and Boerner (2007) found that in their study, that burning alone or with thinning reduces nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the soil in the short-term and the long-term.<ref name=huang/> However, burning and thinning increases net photosynthesis rates of ''D. nudiflorum'' in the mixed-oak forests of Zaleski State Forest, Ohio. Mean plant biomass was also about two times greater in burned and in burned and thinned plots than in control plots. It is possible that the enhancement of photosynthesis is a result of changes in the forest floor microclimate (e.g., soil temperature, soil moisture, litter depth).<ref name=huangetal/> Also, much more nodules were found on ''D. nudiflorum'' in the burned and in burned and thinned plots than the control plots, suggesting a potential for greater nitrogen-fixing capability.<ref name=huangetal/> |
| − | <!--===Pollination===--> | + | <!--===Pollination===--> |
| − | <!--=== | + | <!--===Herbivory and toxicology===--> |
<!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | <!--===Diseases and parasites===--> | ||
| − | ==Conservation and | + | ==Conservation, cultivation, and restoration== |
| − | == | + | |
| + | ==Cultural use== | ||
==Photo Gallery== | ==Photo Gallery== | ||
<gallery widths=180px> | <gallery widths=180px> | ||
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==References and notes== | ==References and notes== | ||
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Latest revision as of 07:20, 24 May 2023
| Hylodesmum nudiflorum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Photo taken by Gil Nelson | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae |
| Genus: | Hylodesmum |
| Species: | H. nudiflorum |
| Binomial name | |
| Hylodesmum nudiflorum (L.) DC. | |
| |
| Natural range of Hylodesmum nudiflorum from USDA NRCS Plants Database. | |
Common name: Nakedflower tick-trefoil
Contents
Taxonomic notes
Synonyms: Desmodium nudiflorum (Linnaeus) A.P. de Candolle; Meibomia nudiflora (Linnaeus) Kuntze[1]
Varieties: none[1]
Description
Distribution
It occurs widely throughout the eastern U.S. and eastern Canada. [2]
Ecology
The aboveground parts senesce during the autumn and leaves emerge around May. Flowering starts in August, and though each flower is short-lived, flowers can develop sequentially in an inflorescence. It is a nitrogen-fixing legume.[3]
Habitat
It can live in a humid climate that experiences extremes in precipitation, wind, and temperature.[4] It is abundant in cool, temperate, continental climates with acidic, well-drained soils. It occupies areas across light and nutrient gradients, but it occurred most frequently in open and drier areas.[3][5] It is found in shortleaf pine, hickory, and oak communities.[6] Herbarium specimens[7] report its occurrence in mesic woodland, beech-magnolia woods above a permanent streamlet, Apalachicola River bluffs and ravines, pine-oak-hickory woods, pineland near small dry sinks, shortleaf pine-post oak and red oak-mockernut hickory woods, upland hardwood forest in Florida, a wooded bank in North Carolina, rocky ridges above 100 m elevation and dry, novaculate ridges above 340 m elevation in Arkansas, mixed deciduous forest and black oak wood in Michigan, shaley shaded bluffs in Virginia, limestone bluffs in Tennessee, and mesophytic woods in Kentucky. Occurs in frequently burned post-agriculture loblolly and shortleaf pine forest.[8] Light levels are generally shaded.[8] Soil types include dry sandy soil, sandy loam and rich loamy soil.[8]
Associated species include magnolia, beech, pine, oak, hickory, Mitchella repens, mockernut hickory, shortleaf pine, sweet gum, Desmodium orchroleucum, Commelina erecta, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Agrimonia, Matelea, Hexalectris, Toxicodendron, Quercus virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica, loblolly pine, and black oak.[8]
Phenology
Flowers and fruits from June to October.[8]
Seed dispersal
Animals can act as dispersal agents since the fruit coats are covered with abundant, sticky trichomes that attach to their hair.[3] It is generally not affected by dormant season (March-April) low-intensity fires since the heat generated by the fires does not penetrate to where the buds and rootstocks are. Huang and Boerner (2007) found that in their study, that burning alone or with thinning reduces nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in the soil in the short-term and the long-term.[3] However, burning and thinning increases net photosynthesis rates of D. nudiflorum in the mixed-oak forests of Zaleski State Forest, Ohio. Mean plant biomass was also about two times greater in burned and in burned and thinned plots than in control plots. It is possible that the enhancement of photosynthesis is a result of changes in the forest floor microclimate (e.g., soil temperature, soil moisture, litter depth).[5] Also, much more nodules were found on D. nudiflorum in the burned and in burned and thinned plots than the control plots, suggesting a potential for greater nitrogen-fixing capability.[5]
Conservation, cultivation, and restoration
Cultural use
Photo Gallery
References and notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Weakley, A.S. 2020. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 20 October 2020. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- ↑ NRCS Plants Database http://plants.usda.gov/java/
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Huang, J. J. and R. E. J. Boerner (2007). "Effects of fire alone or combined with thinning on tissue nutrient concentrations and nutrient resorption in Desmodium nudiflorum." Oecologia 153: 233-243.
- ↑ Chen, J., Xu, M., and Brosofske, K.D. 1997. Microclimatic characteristics in the southeastern Missouri Ozarks. In Proceedings of the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project Symposium: An Experimental Approach to Landscape Research, St. Louis, Mo., 3–5 June 1997. Edited by B.L. Brookshire and S.R. Shifley. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-NC-193. pp. 120–133.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Huang, J. J., R. E. J. Boerner, et al. (2007). "Ecophysiological responses of two herbaceous species to prescribed burning, alone or in combination with overstory thinning." American Journal of Botany 94: 755-763.
- ↑ Concilio, A., S. Y. Ma, et al. (2005). "Soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning in mixed-conifer and hardwood forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1581-1591.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFSU Herbarium - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: http://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: July 2015. Collectors: Collectors: Loran C. Anderson, Robert K. Godfrey, Gary R. Knight, R. Kral, R. F. Thorne, R. A. Davidson, Gwen Roney, C. Jackson, K. Craddock Burks, A. F. Clewell, Robert Blaisdell, Wilson Baker, Rodie White, Billie Bailey, Marie Victorin, Rolland Germain, Ernest Rouleau, Marcel Raymond, Andre Champagne, Norland C. Henderson, R.E. Torrey, F. Hyland, Edw. Davis, William B. Fox, Delzie Demaree, B. E. Smith, Paul O. Schallert, A. E. Radford, G. W. Parmelee, Paul L. Redfearn, Jr., S.B. Jones, Carleen Jones, Mary E. Wharton, D. R. Windler, S. J. Lombardo, Michael B. Brooks, Randy Warren. States and Counties: Florida: Gadsden, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Okaloosa, Wakulla. Georgia: Grady, Decatur. Virginia: Alleghany, Montgomery. Massachusetts: Amherst. North Carolina: Swain, Forsyth, Wayne, Jackson. Arkansas: Pulaski, Stone, Garland. South Carolina: Darlington. Michigan: Barry. Ohio: Portage. Mississippi: Smith, Webster. Missouri: McDonald, Barry. Tennessee: Lewis. Illinois: Lawrence. Kentucky: Clark. Alabama: Cherokee, Choctaw. Maryland: Baltimore. Other Countries: Canada. Compiled by Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy.
